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Active Zika found in saliva and urine


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  • 43 minutes ago
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  • From the sectionHealth
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Active Zika virus has been detected in the saliva and urine of patients, Brazilian scientists say.

The finding does not mean the virus can be readily transmitted through the bodily fluids.

The main method of infection is via mosquito bites, but scientists are investigating all other possibilities.

While Zika infection is normally mild, it has been linked to thousands of suspected birth defects.

Traces of Zika have been detected in saliva and urine during the 2013 outbreak in French Polynesia, but the Brazilian authorities say this is the first time "active" virus has been detected.

Paulo Gadelha, the head of the Fiocruz Institute which is part of the Ministry of Health, said: "The presence of the active Zika virus has been found in saliva and urine.

"But that does not mean there is a capacity for transmission through saliva and urine."

The potential risk of transmission through bodily fluids was highlighted in the US where the Centers for Disease Control believe a case was spread through sex.

However, there have been only two suspected cases of sexual transmission of Zika.

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More on the Zika crisis:

What you need to know Key questions answered about the virus and its spread

Key unanswered questions The many things we do not know about Zika

Travel advice Countries affected and what you should do

The mosquito behind spread of virus What we know about the insect

Abortion dilemma Laws and practices in Catholic Latin America

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Prof Jonathan Ball, a virologist at the University of Nottingham, told the BBC: "Because we can detect a virus in a particular body fluid it does not mean that it will become an important source of virus for transmission to humans.

"At the peak of virus replication in the blood, virus can often be detected in other body fluids, but the levels of virus are often much lower and there is no obvious or efficient means for the virus to get from that bodily fluid into another person's bloodstream."

The risks of different modes of infection are still unclear.

But experts say that the million-plus suspected cases in the Americas have been contained to areas where the mosquito is found, suggesting it does not spread easily through other means.

Brazil has seen 4,783 suspected cases of babies born with small brains, although only 404 have been confirmed, 709 have been rejected and 3,670 are still being investigated.

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  • 1 month later...
Posted
LOCUS       KU926309               10795 bp ss-RNA     linear   VRL 21-MAR-2016
DEFINITION  Zika virus isolate Rio-U1, complete genome.
ACCESSION   KU926309
VERSION     KU926309.1  GI:1006593051
KEYWORDS    .
SOURCE      Zika virus
  ORGANISM  Zika virus
            Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA
            stage; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 10795)
  AUTHORS   Bonaldo,M.C., Ribeiro,I.P., Lima,N.S., Santos,A.A.C.,
            Raphael,L.M.S., Cruz,S.O.D., Mello,I.S., Furtado,N.D., Moura,E.E.,
            Castro,M.G., Gerber,A.L., Almeida,L.G.P., Lourenco-de-Oliveira,R.,
            Vasconcelos,A.T.R. and Brasil,P.
  TITLE     Isolation of infective Zika virus from urine and saliva of patients
            in Brazil
  JOURNAL   Unpublished
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 10795)
  AUTHORS   Bonaldo,M.C., Ribeiro,I.P., Lima,N.S., Santos,A.A.C.,
            Raphael,L.M.S., Cruz,S.O.D., Mello,I.S., Furtado,N.D., Moura,E.E.,
            Castro,M.G., Gerber,A.L., Almeida,L.G.P., Lourenco-de-Oliveira,R.,
            Vasconcelos,A.T.R. and Brasil,P.
  TITLE     Direct Submission
  JOURNAL   Submitted (16-MAR-2016) Laboratorio Nacional de Bioinformatica /
            Laboratorio Nacional de Computacao Cientifica, Laboratorio de
            Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus / Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rua
            Getulio Vargas, 333, Petropolis, RJ 25651075, Brazil
COMMENT     ##Assembly-Data-START##
            Assembly Method       :: Ray v. 2.2
            Coverage              :: 8000
            Sequencing Technology :: Illumina
            ##Assembly-Data-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..10795
                     /organism="Zika virus"
                     /mol_type="genomic RNA"
                     /isolate="Rio-U1"
                     /isolation_source="urine"
                     /host="Homo sapiens"
                     /db_xref="taxon:64320"
                     /country="Brazil"
                     /collection_date="14-Jan-2016"
                     /note="passage details: Vero cells"

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KU926309

 

Posted
LOCUS       KU926310               10805 bp ss-RNA     linear   VRL 21-MAR-2016
DEFINITION  Zika virus isolate Rio-S1, complete genome.
ACCESSION   KU926310
VERSION     KU926310.1  GI:1006593054
KEYWORDS    .
SOURCE      Zika virus
  ORGANISM  Zika virus
            Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA
            stage; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 10805)
  AUTHORS   Bonaldo,M.C., Ribeiro,I.P., Lima,N.S., Santos,A.A.C.,
            Raphael,L.M.S., Cruz,S.O.D., Mello,I.S., Furtado,N.D., Moura,E.E.,
            Castro,M.G., Gerber,A.L., Almeida,L.G.P., Lourenco-de-Oliveira,R.,
            Vasconcelos,A.T.R. and Brasil,P.
  TITLE     Isolation of infective Zika virus from urine and saliva of patients
            in Brazil
  JOURNAL   Unpublished
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 10805)
  AUTHORS   Bonaldo,M.C., Ribeiro,I.P., Lima,N.S., Santos,A.A.C.,
            Raphael,L.M.S., Cruz,S.O.D., Mello,I.S., Furtado,N.D., Moura,E.E.,
            Castro,M.G., Gerber,A.L., Almeida,L.G.P., Lourenco-de-Oliveira,R.,
            Vasconcelos,A.T.R. and Brasil,P.
  TITLE     Direct Submission
  JOURNAL   Submitted (16-MAR-2016) Laboratorio Nacional de Bioinformatica /
            Laboratorio Nacional de Computacao Cientifica, Laboratorio de
            Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus / Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rua
            Getulio Vargas, 333, Petropolis, RJ 25651075, Brazil
COMMENT     ##Assembly-Data-START##
            Assembly Method       :: Ray v. 2.2.0
            Sequencing Technology :: Illumina
            ##Assembly-Data-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..10805
                     /organism="Zika virus"
                     /mol_type="genomic RNA"
                     /isolate="Rio-S1"
                     /isolation_source="saliva"
                     /host="Homo sapiens"
                     /db_xref="taxon:64320"
                     /country="Brazil"
                     /collection_date="29-Jan-2016"
                     /note="passage details: Vero cells"

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KU926310

 

Posted

S1 Table

Clinical symptoms

Patient

1

2

3

4

Onset date

01/11/16

01/24/16

01/22/16

01/31/16

Days after symptoms onset *

3

2

5

1

Days after rash onset *

<1**

1

1

1

Rash duration

5 days

6 days

2 days

2 days

Rash type

Macular

Macular and maculo-papular

Maculo-papular

Maculo-papular

Low grade fever

(duration)

-

+

(2 days)

+

(4 days)

-

Headache

-

-

+

-

Retro-orbital pain

-

-

+

-

Photophobia

-

-

NI

-

Fatigue/ malaise

-

+

+

-

Myalgia

-

+

+

-

Arthralgia

(region)

+

(wrist and elbows)

-

+ (large and small joints)

-

Arthritis

-

-

-

-

Anorexia

-

-

+

-

Nausea/ vomiting

-

-

+

-

Diarrhea

-

-

-

-

Abdominal pain

-

-

-

-

Dysuria

-

-

-

-

Bleeding/ petechia

-

-

-

-

Dizziness/ light headedness

-

-

-

-

Pruritus

+

-

+

+

Paresthesias

+

-

-

-

Conjunctivitis

-

-

-

-

Edema

(local/site)

+

(hands)

-

-

-

Lymphadenopathy

(local/ site)

-

-

-

-

Enanthem

NI

-

NI

-

Respiratory symptoms

-

-

-

-

Jaundice

-

-

-

-

Seizures

-

-

-

-

* Regarding the date of sample collection; **the collection date was in the first day of rash manifestation

                                                                                                   

S2 Table

Clinical symptoms

Patient

5

6

7

8

9

Onset date

01/26/16

01/26/16

01/31/16

01/31/16

01/28/16

Days after sypmtons onset *

2

3

1

2

5

Days after rash onset *

2

<1

1

2

2

Rash duration

 

20 days

4 days

5 days

6 days

3 days

Rash type

Macular

Maculo-papular

Maculo-papular

Macular and maculo-papular

Maculo-papular

Low grade fever

(duration)

-

+

(1 day)

-

+

(2 days)

-

Headache

+

-

-

+

+

Retro-orbital pain

+

-

-

+

+

Photophobia

+

-

-

-

+

Fatigue/ malaise

+

+

-

+

-

Myalgia

+

+

-

-

+

Arthralgia

(region)

-

+

(wrists, ankles, knees, hands)

-

+

(large and small joints)

-

Arthritis

-

-

-

-

-

Anorexia

+

+

-

-

-

Nausea/ vomiting

+

-

-

-

-

Diarrhea

+

-

-

-

-

Abdominal pain

-

+

-

-

-

Dysuria

-

-

-

-

-

Bleeding/ petechia

 

-

-

-

-

Dizziness/ light headedness

+

-

-

-

-

Pruritus

+

+

+

+

+

Paresthesias

+

+

-

-

-

Conjunctivitis

+

+

-

-

+

Edema

+

(feet and hands)

 

+

(hands)

-

+

-

Lymphadenopathy

(local/ site)

+

(Cervical and auricular)

-

-

-

+

(cervical)

Enanthem

-

-

-

-

-

Respiratory symptoms

+

-

-

+

-

Jaundice

-

-

-

-

-

Seizures

-

-

-

-

-

* Regarding the date of sample collection; **the collection date was in the first day of rash manifestation

 

 

S3 Table

 

Social-demographic data

Patient

1

2

3

4

Gender

female

female

male

female

Age

36

30

24

42

Gestational age (weeks)

18

33

NA

21

Family members illness

-

-

+

-

Partner illness

-

-

NI

-

Repellent spray use

+

+

NI

+

Previous DENV infection

+

-

NI

-

Domicile in Rio de Janeiro State

Duque de Caxias

Nova Iguaçu

Rio de Janeiro

Duque de Caxias

NA – not applicable; NI- not informed

 

                                                                                   

 

S4 Table

Social demographic data

Patient

5

6

7

8

9

Gender

female

male

female

female

female

Age

30

68

20

27

22

Gestational age (weeks)

NA

NA

17

21

20

Family members illness

-

+

-

-

-

Partner illness

-

-

-

-

-

Repellent spray use

+

-

+

+

+

Previous DENV infection

+

+

-

+

-

Domicile in Rio de Janeiro State

Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro

Duque de Caxias

Rio de Janeiro

NA – not applicable; NI- not informed

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