Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Committee's report on pneumonia of new coronavirus infection
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-12 20:10:13 | Hits: 2845 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
At 04:00 on January 11, 2020, there were no new cases of pneumonia infected with new coronavirus in our city, 4 cases were cured and discharged, and no new deaths were reported.
Up to now, the city has reported a total of 41 cases of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection , 6 cases have been cured and discharged, 7 cases are being treated in severe cases, and 1 case has died . A total of 763 close contacts have been tracked , 46 medical observations have been lifted, and 717 people are still receiving medical observations. Among the close contacts, no related cases were found.
The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health today (January 12) received notification from the National Health Commission (NHC) that it has shared with the World Health Organization (WHO) the genetic sequences of the novel coronavirus associated with the cluster of pneumonia cases detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The relevant institutions have also uploaded the genetic sequences onto the online Genbank (GISAID). GISAID is cross checking the information and will publish it upon completion.
The CHP's Public Health Laboratory Services Branch (PHLSB), as one of the users of this Genbank, will obtain the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus. While the CHP's Public Health Laboratory Services Branch is conducting molecular testing for a number of coronaviruses, it will develop specific tests based on the information of the new sequence.
The CHP will continue to maintain close liaison with the NHC as well as the WHO and closely monitor the latest development of cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan.
The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) today (January 12) received further notification from the National Health Commission (NHC) on the latest information of the cluster of pneumonia cases detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The public is again urged to maintain strict personal, food and environmental hygiene both locally and during travel.
According to the information from the NHC, as at yesterday (January 11), 41 patients have been diagnosed to have infection of the novel coronavirus and no new case was reported on January 11. Among them, six patients have been discharged, seven patients are in serious condition and one died, while the remaining patients are in stable condition. A total of 763 close contacts have been identified. All have been put under medical surveillance with 46 of them having completed the surveillance, and no related cases have been detected so far.
To prevent pneumonia and respiratory tract infection, members of the public should always maintain good personal and environmental hygiene. They are advised to:
• Perform hand hygiene frequently, especially before touching the mouth, nose or eyes; after touching public installations such as handrails or door knobs; or when hands are contaminated by respiratory secretion after coughing or sneezing;
• Wash hands with liquid soap and water, and rub for at least 20 seconds. Then rinse with water and dry with a disposable paper towel or hand dryer. If hand washing facilities are not available, or when hands are not visibly soiled, performing hand hygiene with 70 to 80 per cent alcohol-based handrub is an effective alternative;
• Cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper when sneezing or coughing. Dispose of soiled tissues into a lidded rubbish bin, then wash hands thoroughly; and
• When having respiratory symptoms, wear a surgical mask, refrain from work or attending class at school, avoid going to crowded places and seek medical advice promptly.
The public should take heed of the health advice below when travelling outside Hong Kong:
• avoid touching animals (including game), poultry/birds or their droppings;
• avoid visiting wet markets, live poultry markets or farms;
• avoid making close contact with patients, especially those with symptoms of acute respiratory infections;
• do not consume game meat and do not patronise food premises where game meat is served;
• adhere to food safety and hygiene rules such as avoiding consuming raw or undercooked animal products, including milk, eggs and meat, or foods which may be contaminated by animal secretions, excretions (such as urine) or contaminated products, unless they have been properly cooked, washed or peeled;
• if feeling unwell when outside Hong Kong, especially if having a fever or cough, wear a surgical mask, inform the hotel staff or tour escort and seek medical advice at once; and
• after returning to Hong Kong, consult a doctor promptly if having a fever or other symptoms, inform the doctor of recent travel history and wear a surgical mask to help prevent spread of the disease.
Under Secretary for Food & Health Dr Chui Tak-yi will visit Wuhan on January 13 to examine the situation concerning the cluster of pneumonia cases, the Food & Health Bureau announced today.
The bureau said with the arrangement of the National Health Commission, Dr Chui will go to Wuhan, together with representatives from the Department of Health and Hospital Authority, to learn about the prevention and control measures and clinical management there.
Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Committee's report on pneumonia of new coronavirus infection
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-13 19:00:19 | Hits: 1519 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
At 04:00 on January 12, 2020, there were no new cases of pneumonia infected with new coronavirus in our city, one case was cured and discharged, and no new deaths were reported.
As of now, our city has reported 41 cases of pneumonitis infected with new coronavirus, 7 cases have been cured and discharged, 6 cases are being treated in severe cases, and 1 case has died. A total of 763 close contacts have been tracked, 76 medical observations have been lifted, and 687 are still receiving medical observations. Among the close contacts, no related cases were found.
The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) today (January 13) received notification from the National Health Commission (NHC) on the latest information on the cluster of pneumonia cases detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The public is again urged to maintain strict personal, food and environmental hygiene both locally and during travel.
According to the information from the NHC, as of yesterday (January 12), 41 patients had been diagnosed as having infection of the novel coronavirus. No new case was reported and one additional case was discharged yesterday. So far, a total of seven patients have been discharged, six patients are in serious condition and one died, while the remaining patients are in stable condition. A total of 763 close contacts have been identified. All have been put under medical surveillance with 76 of them having completed the surveillance, and no related cases have been detected so far.
To prevent pneumonia and respiratory tract infection, members of the public should always maintain good personal and environmental hygiene. They are advised to:
• Perform hand hygiene frequently, especially before touching the mouth, nose or eyes; after touching public installations such as handrails or door knobs; or when hands are contaminated by respiratory secretions after coughing or sneezing;
• Wash hands with liquid soap and water, and rub for at least 20 seconds. Then rinse with water and dry with a disposable paper towel or hand dryer. If hand washing facilities are not available, or when hands are not visibly soiled, performing hand hygiene with 70 to 80 per cent alcohol-based handrub is an effective alternative;
• Cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper when sneezing or coughing. Dispose of soiled tissues into a lidded rubbish bin, then wash hands thoroughly; and
• When having respiratory symptoms, wear a surgical mask, refrain from work or attending class at school, avoid going to crowded places and seek medical advice promptly.
The public should take heed of the health advice below when travelling outside Hong Kong:
• avoid touching animals (including game), poultry/birds or their droppings;
• avoid visiting wet markets, live poultry markets or farms;
• avoid making close contact with patients, especially those with symptoms of acute respiratory infections;
• do not consume game meat and do not patronise food premises where game meat is served;
• adhere to food safety and hygiene rules such as avoiding consuming raw or undercooked animal products, including milk, eggs and meat, or foods which may be contaminated by animal secretions, excretions (such as urine) or contaminated products, unless they have been properly cooked, washed or peeled;
• if feeling unwell when outside Hong Kong, especially if having a fever or cough, wear a surgical mask, inform the hotel staff or tour escort and seek medical advice at once; and
• after returning to Hong Kong, consult a doctor promptly if having a fever or other symptoms, inform the doctor of recent travel history and wear a surgical mask to help prevent spread of the disease.
The complete annotated genome sequence of the novel coronavirus associated with theoutbreak of pneumoniain Wuhan, China is nowavailablefrom GenBank for free and easy access by the global biomedical community. Figure 1 shows the relationship of the Wuhan virus to selected coronaviruses.
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of Wuhan-Hu-1 (circled in red) to selected coronaviruses. Nucleotide alignment was done withMUSCLE3.8. The phylogenetic tree was estimated withMrBayes3.2.6 with parameters for GTR+g+i. The scale bar indicates estimated substitutions per site, and all branch support values are 99.3% or higher.
According to theCDC, as of January 11, Chinese health authorities say they’ve identified more than 40 human infections as part of this outbreak that was first reported on December 31. The World Health Organizationannouncedthe preliminary identification of the novel coronavirus on January 9. The GenBankrecordof Wuhan-Hu-1 includes sequence data, annotation and metadata from this virus isolated approximately two weeks ago from a patient believed to have contracted the disease in a Hubei province seafood market.
Rapid access to sequence data from public databases such as GenBank plays a vital role in helping countries develop specific diagnostic kits for disease outbreaks like this one.
Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Committee's report on pneumonia of new coronavirus infection
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-14 22:05:36 | Hits: 1469 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
January 2020 0-24 13th, the city no new novel coronavirus infection in cases of pneumonia, not cured cases and no new deaths were reported.
Up to now, the city's cumulative reported cases of pneumonia novel coronavirus infection in 41 cases, seven cases have been cured in six cases of severe treatment, 1 patient died, the remaining patients had stable disease, patients were treated in isolation in Wuhan City designated medical institutions. Cumulative track close contacts of 763 people, 187 people have been released under medical observation, is still under medical observation 576 people, close contacts, we found no cases.
Also, Thailand informed diagnosis of pneumonia cases from the novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan in 1 case. The case is currently being hospitalized in Thailand isolation, in close contact with its ongoing tracking and return home medical observation.
Questions and answers on pneumonia outbreak of new coronavirus infection
(January 14, 2020)
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-15 00:10:06 | Hits: 2062 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
1. Recently, a Wuhan tourists were patients diagnosed with pneumonia novel coronavirus infection in Thailand, please brief us on that.
On January 13, 2020, Thailand reported a case of pneumonia with a new coronavirus infection from Wuhan. The city attaches great importance to timely investigation. The patient is a citizen of our city and is now receiving treatment in Thailand with a stable condition. At the same time, the health department conducted medical observations on all close contacts of the patient found, and currently has no abnormal performance.
2. At present, in order to detect pneumonia cases of new coronavirus infection as early as possible, what measures have been taken in our city?
After the outbreak, the city quickly carry out the relevant case-screening of all medical institutions in the city, as of cases of pneumonia 41 At present, the clinical manifestations in patients with a comprehensive group of experts, epidemiological and laboratory testing results, the novel coronavirus infection example. Recently, the city further strengthened the case surveillance and search of work, while continuing to do a good job monitoring pneumonia of unknown causes, on the other hand to carry out a search in case the city's various medical institutions at all levels, for early detection of cases.
3. As of now, has there been any case of human-to-human transmission?
Existing survey results show that clear human-to-human evidence has not been found, and the possibility of limited human-to-human transmission cannot be ruled out, but the risk of continued human-to-human transmission is low. Further research is currently underway combining clinical and epidemiological data.
4. Has a family clustering case been found?
Among the 41 cases currently diagnosed , one was found to be clustered in the family. The husband and wife developed the disease first, and the husband first developed the disease. He was an employee of the South China Seafood Wholesale Market. His wife denied a history of South China Seafood Wholesale Market exposure.
5. What are close contacts? Why medical observation of close contacts for 14 days? If close contacts develop symptoms during the observation period, how can they be diagnosed and diagnosed?
At present, the close contacts defined in this epidemic are those who live with patients, work and study in the same room, and live in the same room. Medical staff and caregivers who have not taken effective protective measures during the diagnosis and treatment of cases have not taken effective protective measures. Laboratory testing personnel, other patients or accompanying staff in the ward, other contact situations determined by disease control professionals in the same transportation with the patient and close contact with the person.
With reference to the incubation period of diseases caused by other coronaviruses, information about this new coronavirus case, and current prevention and control practices, the medical observation period for close contacts is set to 14 days, and home medical observations are made for close contacts. During the observation period, once the close contacts are found to have abnormal clinical manifestations such as fever and cough, the close contacts will be sent to the designated medical institution for investigation, diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner.
6. What are the characteristics of the epidemic that have been found so far? What is the development trend of the epidemic?
Of the 41 cases diagnosed, most were male, and the number of middle-aged and elderly people was higher. In the early stage of the case, fever and cough are the main symptoms, which can be manifested as persistent mild disease in the early stage. Older patients with underlying disease are more likely to progress to severe disease.
Preliminary results of existing etiology studies and epidemiological investigations show that most of the cases are related to the South China Seafood Wholesale Market exposure, a few cases deny a history of South China Seafood Wholesale Market exposure, and some cases have been exposed to similar cases. No community transmission has been identified.
7. After closing the South China Seafood Wholesale Market, are there any findings in the market? What measures have other markets taken?
After the South China Seafood Wholesale Market was closed, the city strengthened its disposal of market environmental hygiene, carried out disinfection and sanitary disposal of the market, and carried out garbage cleaning and disinfection. In order to strengthen the traceability work, environmental specimens are collected and tested in the market. At present, the test results found that some samples were positive for new coronavirus. At the same time, preliminary investigations have been conducted in other markets, and no clues related to the source of the infection have been found.
▲ TheHong Kong Government held a press conference to report on the Wuhan investigation.(Photo by Chen Guofeng)
The pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan has continued. The government sent staff to Wuhan to inspect the local prevention and control and the situation of the epidemic. A press conference was held today (15th) to report the situation. 70% of patients work long hours in the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan. The relevant merchants mainly sell aquatic products, not game. However, it was revealed that in addition to aquatic products and birds, the market involved also includes bamboo rats, snakes, crickets, hedgehogs, etc. Game, but the quantity of game sold is unknown.
Zhang Zhujun pointed out that the personnel of the health and health committee of the authorities detected viruses in the market environment, such as the location of the underground, countertops, and gloves, all of which were found near the aquatic stalls.She pointed out that the local staff did not collect only near the aquatic stalls, but the virus was only found in the aquatic stalls. As for the survival time of the virus, it is still to be studied. Because it is not an animal sample, the health committee failed to pinpoint the source of the virus.
She also pointed out that Mainland experts have formulated rapid tests for new coronaviruses and have successively distributed them to provinces and cities across the country. Hong Kong has also obtained relevant nucleic acid reagents and is in the process of developing rapid tests for the viruses.When asked about a case in Thailand that had not been diagnosed in the South China Seafood Market but had been to other wet markets in Wuhan, Zhang Zhujun said that the authorities were still investigating the location of the market in question.
[Wuhan Pneumonia] Wuhan South China Seafood Market Environmental Samples Detected Virus Couples and the Transmission of Humans or Objects Was Not Determined (16:26)
Figure 2-1-The mainland authorities in the South China seafood market believed to be the source of pneumonia in Wuhan, environmental samples are against the new crown... (Profile picture)
A pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus broke out in Wuhan. A government team from Hong Kong met with reporters this afternoon (15th) after a visit to Wuhan. Zhang Zhujun, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Center for Health Protection, said that in the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan, which is suspected to be the source of the disease, environmental samples have been tested positive for the new coronavirus; a case of a couple infected by the mainland has not yet been identified. It is said that his wife became ill after he brought home items from the market and polluted the environment. She also pointed out that in addition to the couple's case, there was also a case of a three-person group in which the patients were a father and son and a son-in-law.
Zhang Zhujun said that of the 41 patients in Wuhan, seven adults had visited the South China Seafood Market, which is believed to be the source of the disease. The remaining patients reported that they had not been there or were "too serious to ask", and most of the patients appeared on the market for sale. The area of aquatic seafood is not for those who sell game. She said that in addition to living together, the three patients in the three-person group also operated stores in the South China Seafood Market. The onset time was relatively short. It is believed that they may be more likely to be jointly exposed to the virus and less likely to be transmitted from person to person. However, she said that during the inspection, she did not ask in detail what the three patients were selling in the market. "The question was missed." Therefore, she was not sure. They could only infer that they were also selling aquatic products.
A couple who was defined as a family group case, Zhang Zhujun initially only said that her husband developed the disease first, and his wife developed the disease "every few days". After questioning, she said that "there was no question to be clear". It is believed that the conversation between the mainland personnel occurred about 5 days apart. She also did not ask whether the condition of the wife, who was later affected, was more severe or milder than that of her husband.
Zhang Zhujun pointed out that environmental samples from the South China seafood market, including the ground, table tops, and gloves, were positive for the new coronavirus, and the samples came from areas where aquatic products were sold. She said that although human-to-human cases of infected couples could not be ruled out at this stage, it is also possible that the husband brought home the virus-carrying items from the market, which polluted the home environment and infected his wife.
[Wuhan Pneumonia] The Hospital Authority stated that 2 critically ill patients needed external life support treatment
Lai Weiwen, Chief Infection Control Director of the Hospital Authority, said that all 41 patients in Wuhan had mild to moderate pneumonia, and no symptoms were found but the virus was positive.Lai Weiwen pointed out that 7 to 8 of them were in serious condition, severe patients were aged 40 to 78, and had kidney and liver failure at the same time, and 2 patients needed external life support treatment.
Severe patients worsened after more than 10 days.Some patients were found to be infected with other viruses at the same time, and some patients were found to have secondary infections.Local judgments indicate that long-term chronic diseases, elderly people, and obesity are high-risk factors.
Lai Weiwen pointed out that a specific rapid test was developed locally, and viruses were found in throat secretion, sputum and blood.The overall number of white blood cells in patients with pneumonia is normal or low, and the lymphocytes are lower than normal. This phenomenon has occurred in other pneumonia.In addition, the lungs of local pneumonia patients will be filled with inflammatory secretions.
Patients are treated locally with supportive care, including oxygen and intravenous injections.Early treatment with Tamiflu was used locally, but it was discontinued after it was found not to be flu.Local preaching has a certain degree of utility.No local ribavirin or protease was used.
Lai Weiwen pointed out that the discharge conditions for pneumonia patients in Wuhan were more than 10 days of fever reduction, and two samples that were 48 hours apart were negative for the virus.As for the deceased patient who became ill last month and died on January 9th, he is a chronically ill patient because his family objected that no autopsy was performed.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is closely monitoring an outbreak caused by a novel (new) coronavirus in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Chinese authorities identified the new coronavirus, which has resulted in more than 40 confirmed human infections in China withtwo deaths reportedexternal icon. A number of countries are actively screening incoming travelers from Wuhan and there has been one exported case confirmed inThailandexternal iconand another inJapanexternal icon.
Chinese health authorities posted the full genome of the so-called “2019 novel coronavirus” or “2019-nCoV” inGenBankexternal icon, the NIH genetic sequence database, and in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAIDexternal icon) portal.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, some causing illness in people and others that circulate among animals, including camels, cats and bats. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can evolve and infect people and then spread between people such as has been seen with MERS and SARS.
Most of the patients in the outbreak in Wuhan, China have reportedly had some link to a large seafood and animal market, suggesting animal-to-person spread. Some patients in the outbreak reportedly have not had exposure to animal markets, suggesting that some limited person-to-person spread may be occurring.
There are ongoing investigations to learn more. This is a rapidly evolving situation and information will be updated as it becomes available.
Risk Assessment
Outbreaks of novel virus infections among people are always of public health concern. The risk from these outbreaks depends on characteristics of the virus, including whether and how well it spreads between people, the severity of resulting illness, and the medical or other measures available to control the impact of the virus (for example, vaccine or treatment medications).
Chinese health authoritiesexternal iconhave reported that most patients in China visited a large seafood and animal market. They additionally report that several hundred health care workers caring for outbreak patients are being monitored and no spread of this virus from patients to health care workers has been detected. They report no sustained spread of this virus in the community, but there are indications that some limited person-to-person spread may have occurred. Cases outside China have all occurred in travelers from Wuhan.
There is much more to learn about how the 2019-nCoV virus spreads, severity of associated illness, and other features of the virus. Investigations are ongoing in China, Thailand and Japan. Based on current information, however, the risk from 2019-nCoV to the American public is deemed to be low at this time. Nevertheless, CDC is taking proactive preparedness precautions.
What to Expect
Access to the full genetic sequence of 2019-nCoV will help identify infections with this virus going forward. More cases may be identified in the coming days, including more in countries outside China. Given what has occurred previously with MERS and SARS, it’s possible that some limited person-to-person spread will occur.
CDC Response
CDC is closely monitoring this situation and is working with WHO.
CDC has established an Incident Management Structure to optimize domestic and international coordination to this emerging public health threat.
CDC has updated its interimtravel health noticefor this destination to provide information to people who may be traveling to Wuhan City and who may get sick.
CDC has issued an interimHealth Alert Notice (HAN) Advisoryto inform state and local health departments and health care providers about this outbreak. An updated Health Alert Notice (HAN) is in development.
CDC laboratories currently have the capacity to detect 2019-nCoV by sequencing the virus and comparing the sequences against the genetic sequence that are publicly posted. CDC also is using the genetic sequence data provided by China to begin work on a test to detect this virus more easily. Currently, testing for this virus must take place at CDC.
Other Available Resources
The following resources are available with current information on the unnamed novel coronavirus
Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Committee's report on pneumonia of new coronavirus infection
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-18 00:10:55 | Hits: 1389 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
At 04:00 on January 16, 2020 , 3 patients were discharged from the hospital and no new deaths were reported. After comprehensive research and judgment on the clinical manifestations, epidemiological history, and laboratory test results of the national, provincial and municipal expert groups, 4 new cases of pneumonitis infected with new coronavirus have been added in our city. At present, the new cases have been arranged for transfer to Wuhan All cases were treated at Jinyintan Hospital. All the patients were in stable condition without critical illness. The time of onset of the cases was concentrated from January 5th to 8th. Related epidemiological investigations and search of close contacts were underway.
In addition, Thailand and Japan each reported a case of pneumonia with a new coronavirus infection from Wuhan. Currently, Thai diagnosed cases are being hospitalized; Japanese diagnosed cases have been discharged. Close contacts in the country are conducting follow-up and medical observations.
As of now, 45 cases of pneumonitis with new-type coronavirus infection have been reported in our city, 15 cases have been cured and discharged, 5 cases are being treated in severe cases, and 2 cases have died. The remaining patients are in stable condition. All patients received isolation treatment at designated medical institutions in Wuhan. A total of 763 close contacts have been tracked, 665 medical observations have been lifted, and 98 people are still receiving medical observations. Among the close contacts, no related cases were found.
About the situation of prevention and control of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection in our city
(January 17, 2020)
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-18 00:13:26 | Hits: 1704 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
I. About the new cases
On January 16, 2020, experts from the provinces and municipalities newly identified 4 cases of pneumonia with a new type of coronavirus infection based on the clinical manifestations, epidemiological history of the patients, and the results detected by the diagnostic kit issued by the country. All 4 patients were male. They developed symptoms from January 5 to 8, 2020, and were admitted to the hospital from January 8 to 13 for treatment. After treatment, the symptoms improved and the condition is stable. They have been transferred to Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital for centralized treatment. . Epidemiological investigations of the four new cases are underway, and close contacts are also being tracked.
Second, the main measures for the prevention and control of the recent epidemic
Further do a good job in the management of pre-inspection and triage of medical institutions at all levels and early diagnosis, and early detection, isolation and early treatment. The sanitary killing of the South China Seafood Wholesale Market, other agricultural fairs in the city and the living environment of related hospitals, patients and close contacts will continue. Carry out a patriotic health campaign with the theme of “renovating the environment, cleaning homes, and welcoming the festival” to promote a healthy lifestyle.
3. Related situation of close contacts of confirmed cases abroad
Seventeen Thai close contacts of the first confirmed patients were tracked, all of which were included in medical observations. One of them had symptoms of low fever and mild cough, and has been transferred to designated hospitals for treatment. Personnel information, tracking of close family contacts is under way; 4 cases of close family contacts have been tracked for patients with confirmed cases notified in Japan, all of which have been included in medical observation.
The likelihood of importation of cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) to the EU is considered to be low, but cannot be excluded in the current situation.This document presents disease background, risk assessment and options for response.
Executive summary
A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been isolated and considered the causative agent of the cluster of 41 pneumonia cases in the area of Wuhan, Hubei province in China, and three travel-related cases in Thailand and Japan, arriving from Wuhan.
The majority of detected pneumonia cases reported having visited the Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market recently before disease onset. Some cases did not report any exposure to this specific market, but to other food markets in Wuhan. For a few cases there was no direct connection with a food market. The Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market has been closed and disinfected. However, there is no information available on restrictions at other food markets in Wuhan. If the sources of the infections are indeed certain animals sold in the market, other markets in the city may continue to pose a risk of infection. At the moment, there is no information on the source of infection or the transmission mode.
As of 16 January 2020, there is no clear indication of sustained human-to-human transmission. The report of two small family clusters in Wuhan and the exposure history of the imported Japanese case (history of contact with a person with an acute, not laboratory confirmed, respiratory infection in Wuhan) suggest that person-to-person transmission may have occurred. In the absence of detailed information from the ongoing studies in China, it is impossible to quantify the potential of the 2019-nCoV for human-to-human transmission.
The clinical information on confirmed 2019-nCoV cases reported so far suggests a milder disease course than that observed in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV cases. However, in the absence of results from ongoing epidemiological investigations, it is impossible to assess whether there are population groups at higher risk of severe illness.
Risk for travellers, importation and further spread in the EU
Three EU airports have direct flight connections to Wuhan and there are indirect flight connections to other EU hubs. The likelihood of EU/EEA travellers becoming infected while visiting any wet or live animal markets in Wuhan is considered to be moderate, as the source of infection is unknown and could still be active. The likelihood of infection for travellers visiting Wuhan, but not visiting these markets, is considered low, because so far there is no indication of virus circulation in the community.
Therefore, the likelihood of importation of cases of 2019-nCoV to the EU is considered to be low, but cannot be excluded in the current situation.
The upcoming Chinese New Year celebrations at the end of January 2020 will cause an increase in the volume of travel to/from China and within China, increasing the likelihood of possible cases arriving in the EU.
If a case is identified in the EU, rigorous infection prevention and control measures (IPC) should be applied. Current evidence that human-to-human transmission is limited indicates that the assessed likelihood of further spread in the community setting within the EU/EEA is very low, but the risk cannot be excluded.
Risk of nosocomial transmission, infection prevention and control
So far, there are no reported instances of disease transmission to healthcare workers/medical personnel in China, Japan and Thailand. Therefore, the likelihood of nosocomial transmission is considered very low, provided that appropriate IPC measures are applied [41].
Risk of transmission in airplane
There are no specific guidelines for assessing the risk of 2019-nCoV transmission during a flight. Assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. As the current level of uncertainty regarding transmission of 2019-nCoV is high, comprehensive contact tracing of confirmed cases should be considered and if this is not possible, efforts should be made to at least trace passengers seated in the same row and passengers seated two rows in front or behind the index case. In addition, ECDC will shortly be publishing an updated guide on MERS-CoV infections during a flight.
BEIJING (Reuters) - China reported four more cases of pneumonia believed to be caused by a new coronavirus strain, causing rising concern globally that a disease health officials do not yet fully understand could spread during a key holiday period.
The new virus, which was discovered in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, belongs in the same large family of coronaviruses that includes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which killed nearly 800 people globally during a 2002/03 outbreak that also started in China.
Though experts say the new virus does not appear to be as lethal as SARS, there is little known about its origins and how easily it can spread. Thailand and Japan have confirmed new cases of the virus earlier this week, stoking worries globally as many of the 1.4 billion Chinese people will travel abroad during the Lunar New Year holidays that begin next week.
Authorities around the world including in the United States, Thailand and South Korea have stepped up monitoring of travelers from Wuhan as part of their efforts to prevent the disease from spreading.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has also warned that a wider outbreak is possible, though it has advised against any travel restrictions for China.
The Wuhan Municipal Health Commission (WMHC) said on Saturday the four new individuals diagnosed with the new virus are in stable condition, adding it has confirmed 45 cases in the city as of Thursday. A day earlier, the commission confirmed the death of a second patient.
Nearly 50 people are now known to have been infected globally, but all of them either live in Wuhan or have traveled to the city.
A report published by the London Imperial College’s MRC Center for Global Infectious Disease Analysis said there are likely “substantially more cases” of the new coronavirus than currently announced by Wuhan authorities: its base scenario estimate is that there would be 1,723 cases showing onset of related symptoms by Jan. 12.
The WMHC referred Reuters queries about the report to the National Health Commission (NHC) and the Hubei provincial government, but the NHC and the Hubei government did not immediately respond to Reuters requests for comment. Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province.
FILE PHOTO: International travelers arrive at John F. Kennedy international airport in New York City, U.S., February 4, 2017. REUTERS/Brendan McDermid
SCREENING
U.S. authorities have said they would start screening at three airports to detect travelers arriving via direct or connecting flights from Wuhan who may have symptoms of the new virus.
In Asia, authorities in Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand have stepped up monitoring of passengers from Wuhan at airports. Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines say they have strengthened screening at all points of entry in response to the outbreak, as well.
But Alexandra Phelan, global health legal expert at Georgetown University’s Center for Global Health Science and Security, said such screening may be insufficient in preventing the virus from spreading as its symptoms, which include fever, cough and difficulty in breathing, are “quite general”.
“There are likely to be many individuals with matching symptoms due to an illness that is not 2019-nCoV,” Phelan said, referring to the new virus.
Reporting by Se Young Lee and Hallie Gu; Additional reporting by John Geddie in
Wuhan pneumonia: Wuhan bans sale of live poultry, cracks down on wildlife trade
January 19, 2020 01:26
The health and health commission strengthened control over the South China Seafood Wholesale Market.
The outbreak of a new coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei, has caused new cases for several consecutive days, causing national concern.According to a report from the mainland's official TV station on Sunday (19th), the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Health and Health Commission stated that it will continue to strengthen the city's prevention and control efforts, including a firm ban on the sale of live poultry and a severe crackdown on wildlife trading.In addition, we will do our best to treat patients and critically ill patients to minimize the mortality rate.
The person in charge pointed out that the authorities will strengthen the control of the South China Seafood Wholesale Market after the market break, conduct hygienic and epidemiological investigations, and focus on the isolation and treatment of discovered cases.In addition, the market and its surrounding entrances and exits will be controlled 24 hours, including the rectification of the city's farmers' markets and various business establishments, and the sale of live poultry will be banned.It is strictly forbidden to illegally breed, process and manage all kinds of wild animals, and crack down on illegal transshipment and trafficking of wild animals.Further strengthen the management of cleaning, disinfection and ventilation of relevant business sites.
In addition, the management of close contacts will be strengthened, and classified monitoring management will be implemented. District CDCs and community health service centers will send daily staff and follow-up households and other close contacts of the general population. Currently, there are 121,000 person-times.Close medical contacts of patients diagnosed in Thailand and Japan are under medical observation.
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Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Committee's report on pneumonia of new coronavirus infection
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-12 20:10:13 | Hits: 2845 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
At 04:00 on January 11, 2020, there were no new cases of pneumonia infected with new coronavirus in our city, 4 cases were cured and discharged, and no new deaths were reported.
Up to now, the city has reported a total of 41 cases of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection , 6 cases have been cured and discharged, 7 cases are being treated in severe cases, and 1 case has died . A total of 763 close contacts have been tracked , 46 medical observations have been lifted, and 717 people are still receiving medical observations. Among the close contacts, no related cases were found.
January 12, 2020
http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020011209037
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The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health today (January 12) received notification from the National Health Commission (NHC) that it has shared with the World Health Organization (WHO) the genetic sequences of the novel coronavirus associated with the cluster of pneumonia cases detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The relevant institutions have also uploaded the genetic sequences onto the online Genbank (GISAID). GISAID is cross checking the information and will publish it upon completion.
The CHP's Public Health Laboratory Services Branch (PHLSB), as one of the users of this Genbank, will obtain the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus. While the CHP's Public Health Laboratory Services Branch is conducting molecular testing for a number of coronaviruses, it will develop specific tests based on the information of the new sequence.
The CHP will continue to maintain close liaison with the NHC as well as the WHO and closely monitor the latest development of cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan.
Issued at HKT 15:33
https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202001/12/P2020011200495.htm
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The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) today (January 12) received further notification from the National Health Commission (NHC) on the latest information of the cluster of pneumonia cases detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The public is again urged to maintain strict personal, food and environmental hygiene both locally and during travel.
According to the information from the NHC, as at yesterday (January 11), 41 patients have been diagnosed to have infection of the novel coronavirus and no new case was reported on January 11. Among them, six patients have been discharged, seven patients are in serious condition and one died, while the remaining patients are in stable condition. A total of 763 close contacts have been identified. All have been put under medical surveillance with 46 of them having completed the surveillance, and no related cases have been detected so far.
A dedicated webpage (www.chp.gov.hk/en/features/102465.html) has been set up by the CHP to provide relevant information and health advice. To address the public's concern, the CHP will announce the details of cases fulfilling the reporting criteria (www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/enhanced_sur_pneumonia_wuhan_eng.pdf) on the above webpage daily to enhance transparency.
To prevent pneumonia and respiratory tract infection, members of the public should always maintain good personal and environmental hygiene. They are advised to:
• Perform hand hygiene frequently, especially before touching the mouth, nose or eyes; after touching public installations such as handrails or door knobs; or when hands are contaminated by respiratory secretion after coughing or sneezing;
• Wash hands with liquid soap and water, and rub for at least 20 seconds. Then rinse with water and dry with a disposable paper towel or hand dryer. If hand washing facilities are not available, or when hands are not visibly soiled, performing hand hygiene with 70 to 80 per cent alcohol-based handrub is an effective alternative;
• Cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper when sneezing or coughing. Dispose of soiled tissues into a lidded rubbish bin, then wash hands thoroughly; and
• When having respiratory symptoms, wear a surgical mask, refrain from work or attending class at school, avoid going to crowded places and seek medical advice promptly.
The public should take heed of the health advice below when travelling outside Hong Kong:
• avoid touching animals (including game), poultry/birds or their droppings;
• avoid visiting wet markets, live poultry markets or farms;
• avoid making close contact with patients, especially those with symptoms of acute respiratory infections;
• do not consume game meat and do not patronise food premises where game meat is served;
• adhere to food safety and hygiene rules such as avoiding consuming raw or undercooked animal products, including milk, eggs and meat, or foods which may be contaminated by animal secretions, excretions (such as urine) or contaminated products, unless they have been properly cooked, washed or peeled;
• if feeling unwell when outside Hong Kong, especially if having a fever or cough, wear a surgical mask, inform the hotel staff or tour escort and seek medical advice at once; and
• after returning to Hong Kong, consult a doctor promptly if having a fever or other symptoms, inform the doctor of recent travel history and wear a surgical mask to help prevent spread of the disease.
Issued at HKT 20:03
https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202001/12/P2020011200710.htm
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SARG reps to visit Wuhan
Under Secretary for Food & Health Dr Chui Tak-yi will visit Wuhan on January 13 to examine the situation concerning the cluster of pneumonia cases, the Food & Health Bureau announced today.
The bureau said with the arrangement of the National Health Commission, Dr Chui will go to Wuhan, together with representatives from the Department of Health and Hospital Authority, to learn about the prevention and control measures and clinical management there.
They will return to Hong Kong on January 14.
https://www.news.gov.hk/eng/2020/01/20200111/20200111_194321_136.html?type=ticker
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Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Committee's report on pneumonia of new coronavirus infection
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-13 19:00:19 | Hits: 1519 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
At 04:00 on January 12, 2020, there were no new cases of pneumonia infected with new coronavirus in our city, one case was cured and discharged, and no new deaths were reported.
As of now, our city has reported 41 cases of pneumonitis infected with new coronavirus, 7 cases have been cured and discharged, 6 cases are being treated in severe cases, and 1 case has died. A total of 763 close contacts have been tracked, 76 medical observations have been lifted, and 687 are still receiving medical observations. Among the close contacts, no related cases were found.
January 13, 2020
http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020011309038
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The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) today (January 13) received notification from the National Health Commission (NHC) on the latest information on the cluster of pneumonia cases detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The public is again urged to maintain strict personal, food and environmental hygiene both locally and during travel.
According to the information from the NHC, as of yesterday (January 12), 41 patients had been diagnosed as having infection of the novel coronavirus. No new case was reported and one additional case was discharged yesterday. So far, a total of seven patients have been discharged, six patients are in serious condition and one died, while the remaining patients are in stable condition. A total of 763 close contacts have been identified. All have been put under medical surveillance with 76 of them having completed the surveillance, and no related cases have been detected so far.
A dedicated webpage (www.chp.gov.hk/en/features/102465.html) has been set up by the CHP to provide relevant information and health advice. To address the public's concern, the CHP will announce the details of cases fulfilling the reporting criteria (www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/enhanced_sur_pneumonia_wuhan_eng.pdf) on the above webpage daily to enhance transparency.
To prevent pneumonia and respiratory tract infection, members of the public should always maintain good personal and environmental hygiene. They are advised to:
• Perform hand hygiene frequently, especially before touching the mouth, nose or eyes; after touching public installations such as handrails or door knobs; or when hands are contaminated by respiratory secretions after coughing or sneezing;
• Wash hands with liquid soap and water, and rub for at least 20 seconds. Then rinse with water and dry with a disposable paper towel or hand dryer. If hand washing facilities are not available, or when hands are not visibly soiled, performing hand hygiene with 70 to 80 per cent alcohol-based handrub is an effective alternative;
• Cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper when sneezing or coughing. Dispose of soiled tissues into a lidded rubbish bin, then wash hands thoroughly; and
• When having respiratory symptoms, wear a surgical mask, refrain from work or attending class at school, avoid going to crowded places and seek medical advice promptly.
The public should take heed of the health advice below when travelling outside Hong Kong:
• avoid touching animals (including game), poultry/birds or their droppings;
• avoid visiting wet markets, live poultry markets or farms;
• avoid making close contact with patients, especially those with symptoms of acute respiratory infections;
• do not consume game meat and do not patronise food premises where game meat is served;
• adhere to food safety and hygiene rules such as avoiding consuming raw or undercooked animal products, including milk, eggs and meat, or foods which may be contaminated by animal secretions, excretions (such as urine) or contaminated products, unless they have been properly cooked, washed or peeled;
• if feeling unwell when outside Hong Kong, especially if having a fever or cough, wear a surgical mask, inform the hotel staff or tour escort and seek medical advice at once; and
• after returning to Hong Kong, consult a doctor promptly if having a fever or other symptoms, inform the doctor of recent travel history and wear a surgical mask to help prevent spread of the disease.
Issued at HKT 18:41
https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202001/13/P2020011300628.htm
niman
Novel coronavirus complete genome from the Wuhan outbreak now available in GenBank
The complete annotated genome sequence of the novel coronavirus associated with the outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China is now available from GenBank for free and easy access by the global biomedical community. Figure 1 shows the relationship of the Wuhan virus to selected coronaviruses.
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of Wuhan-Hu-1 (circled in red) to selected coronaviruses. Nucleotide alignment was done with MUSCLE 3.8. The phylogenetic tree was estimated with MrBayes 3.2.6 with parameters for GTR+g+i. The scale bar indicates estimated substitutions per site, and all branch support values are 99.3% or higher.
According to the CDC, as of January 11, Chinese health authorities say they’ve identified more than 40 human infections as part of this outbreak that was first reported on December 31. The World Health Organization announced the preliminary identification of the novel coronavirus on January 9. The GenBank record of Wuhan-Hu-1 includes sequence data, annotation and metadata from this virus isolated approximately two weeks ago from a patient believed to have contracted the disease in a Hubei province seafood market.
Rapid access to sequence data from public databases such as GenBank plays a vital role in helping countries develop specific diagnostic kits for disease outbreaks like this one.
https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2020/01/13/novel-coronavirus/
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Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Committee's report on pneumonia of new coronavirus infection
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-14 22:05:36 | Hits: 1469 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
January 2020 0-24 13th, the city no new novel coronavirus infection in cases of pneumonia, not cured cases and no new deaths were reported.
Up to now, the city's cumulative reported cases of pneumonia novel coronavirus infection in 41 cases, seven cases have been cured in six cases of severe treatment, 1 patient died, the remaining patients had stable disease, patients were treated in isolation in Wuhan City designated medical institutions. Cumulative track close contacts of 763 people, 187 people have been released under medical observation, is still under medical observation 576 people, close contacts, we found no cases.
Also, Thailand informed diagnosis of pneumonia cases from the novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan in 1 case. The case is currently being hospitalized in Thailand isolation, in close contact with its ongoing tracking and return home medical observation.
January 14, 2020
http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020011409039
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Questions and answers on pneumonia outbreak of new coronavirus infection
(January 14, 2020)
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-15 00:10:06 | Hits: 2062 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
1. Recently, a Wuhan tourists were patients diagnosed with pneumonia novel coronavirus infection in Thailand, please brief us on that.
On January 13, 2020, Thailand reported a case of pneumonia with a new coronavirus infection from Wuhan. The city attaches great importance to timely investigation. The patient is a citizen of our city and is now receiving treatment in Thailand with a stable condition. At the same time, the health department conducted medical observations on all close contacts of the patient found, and currently has no abnormal performance.
2. At present, in order to detect pneumonia cases of new coronavirus infection as early as possible, what measures have been taken in our city?
After the outbreak, the city quickly carry out the relevant case-screening of all medical institutions in the city, as of cases of pneumonia 41 At present, the clinical manifestations in patients with a comprehensive group of experts, epidemiological and laboratory testing results, the novel coronavirus infection example. Recently, the city further strengthened the case surveillance and search of work, while continuing to do a good job monitoring pneumonia of unknown causes, on the other hand to carry out a search in case the city's various medical institutions at all levels, for early detection of cases.
3. As of now, has there been any case of human-to-human transmission?
Existing survey results show that clear human-to-human evidence has not been found, and the possibility of limited human-to-human transmission cannot be ruled out, but the risk of continued human-to-human transmission is low. Further research is currently underway combining clinical and epidemiological data.
4. Has a family clustering case been found?
Among the 41 cases currently diagnosed , one was found to be clustered in the family. The husband and wife developed the disease first, and the husband first developed the disease. He was an employee of the South China Seafood Wholesale Market. His wife denied a history of South China Seafood Wholesale Market exposure.
5. What are close contacts? Why medical observation of close contacts for 14 days? If close contacts develop symptoms during the observation period, how can they be diagnosed and diagnosed?
At present, the close contacts defined in this epidemic are those who live with patients, work and study in the same room, and live in the same room. Medical staff and caregivers who have not taken effective protective measures during the diagnosis and treatment of cases have not taken effective protective measures. Laboratory testing personnel, other patients or accompanying staff in the ward, other contact situations determined by disease control professionals in the same transportation with the patient and close contact with the person.
With reference to the incubation period of diseases caused by other coronaviruses, information about this new coronavirus case, and current prevention and control practices, the medical observation period for close contacts is set to 14 days, and home medical observations are made for close contacts. During the observation period, once the close contacts are found to have abnormal clinical manifestations such as fever and cough, the close contacts will be sent to the designated medical institution for investigation, diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner.
6. What are the characteristics of the epidemic that have been found so far? What is the development trend of the epidemic?
Of the 41 cases diagnosed, most were male, and the number of middle-aged and elderly people was higher. In the early stage of the case, fever and cough are the main symptoms, which can be manifested as persistent mild disease in the early stage. Older patients with underlying disease are more likely to progress to severe disease.
Preliminary results of existing etiology studies and epidemiological investigations show that most of the cases are related to the South China Seafood Wholesale Market exposure, a few cases deny a history of South China Seafood Wholesale Market exposure, and some cases have been exposed to similar cases. No community transmission has been identified.
7. After closing the South China Seafood Wholesale Market, are there any findings in the market? What measures have other markets taken?
After the South China Seafood Wholesale Market was closed, the city strengthened its disposal of market environmental hygiene, carried out disinfection and sanitary disposal of the market, and carried out garbage cleaning and disinfection. In order to strengthen the traceability work, environmental specimens are collected and tested in the market. At present, the test results found that some samples were positive for new coronavirus. At the same time, preliminary investigations have been conducted in other markets, and no clues related to the source of the infection have been found.
http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020011509040
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[Wuhan Pneumonia] Health Protection Center: 70% of patients work in Wuhan seafood market.
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▲ The Hong Kong Government held a press conference to report on the Wuhan investigation. (Photo by Chen Guofeng)
The pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan has continued. The government sent staff to Wuhan to inspect the local prevention and control and the situation of the epidemic. A press conference was held today (15th) to report the situation. 70% of patients work long hours in the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan. The relevant merchants mainly sell aquatic products, not game. However, it was revealed that in addition to aquatic products and birds, the market involved also includes bamboo rats, snakes, crickets, hedgehogs, etc. Game, but the quantity of game sold is unknown.
Zhang Zhujun pointed out that the personnel of the health and health committee of the authorities detected viruses in the market environment, such as the location of the underground, countertops, and gloves, all of which were found near the aquatic stalls. She pointed out that the local staff did not collect only near the aquatic stalls, but the virus was only found in the aquatic stalls. As for the survival time of the virus, it is still to be studied. Because it is not an animal sample, the health committee failed to pinpoint the source of the virus.
She also pointed out that Mainland experts have formulated rapid tests for new coronaviruses and have successively distributed them to provinces and cities across the country. Hong Kong has also obtained relevant nucleic acid reagents and is in the process of developing rapid tests for the viruses. When asked about a case in Thailand that had not been diagnosed in the South China Seafood Market but had been to other wet markets in Wuhan, Zhang Zhujun said that the authorities were still investigating the location of the market in question.
The Government also said that the confirmed cases involved a couple, but the incidence of relatively late husband, wife, husband to have a chance of infection, and transmits wife, so I do not exclude person to person, please Air: [pneumonia] Government Wuhan: Wuhan pneumonia Does not rule out throat, sputum and blood in patients with limited human-to-human transmission
Editor-in-chief: Chen Ziqian
https://topick.hket.com/article/2542847/【武漢肺炎】衞生防護中心 ：7成患者於武漢海鮮市場工作 亦有售竹鼠刺蝟等野味
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[Wuhan Pneumonia] Wuhan South China Seafood Market Environmental Samples Detected Virus Couples and the Transmission of Humans or Objects Was Not Determined (16:26)
Figure 2-1-The mainland authorities in the South China seafood market believed to be the source of pneumonia in Wuhan, environmental samples are against the new crown... (Profile picture)
A pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus broke out in Wuhan. A government team from Hong Kong met with reporters this afternoon (15th) after a visit to Wuhan. Zhang Zhujun, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Center for Health Protection, said that in the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan, which is suspected to be the source of the disease, environmental samples have been tested positive for the new coronavirus; a case of a couple infected by the mainland has not yet been identified. It is said that his wife became ill after he brought home items from the market and polluted the environment. She also pointed out that in addition to the couple's case, there was also a case of a three-person group in which the patients were a father and son and a son-in-law.
Zhang Zhujun said that of the 41 patients in Wuhan, seven adults had visited the South China Seafood Market, which is believed to be the source of the disease. The remaining patients reported that they had not been there or were "too serious to ask", and most of the patients appeared on the market for sale. The area of aquatic seafood is not for those who sell game. She said that in addition to living together, the three patients in the three-person group also operated stores in the South China Seafood Market. The onset time was relatively short. It is believed that they may be more likely to be jointly exposed to the virus and less likely to be transmitted from person to person. However, she said that during the inspection, she did not ask in detail what the three patients were selling in the market. "The question was missed." Therefore, she was not sure. They could only infer that they were also selling aquatic products.
A couple who was defined as a family group case, Zhang Zhujun initially only said that her husband developed the disease first, and his wife developed the disease "every few days". After questioning, she said that "there was no question to be clear". It is believed that the conversation between the mainland personnel occurred about 5 days apart. She also did not ask whether the condition of the wife, who was later affected, was more severe or milder than that of her husband.
Zhang Zhujun pointed out that environmental samples from the South China seafood market, including the ground, table tops, and gloves, were positive for the new coronavirus, and the samples came from areas where aquatic products were sold. She said that although human-to-human cases of infected couples could not be ruled out at this stage, it is also possible that the husband brought home the virus-carrying items from the market, which polluted the home environment and infected his wife.
https://news.mingpao.com/ins/港聞/article/20200115/s00001/1579076442327/【武漢肺炎】武漢華南海鮮市場環境樣本驗出病毒-夫婦發病未確定人傳人或物件傳播
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[Wuhan Pneumonia] The Hospital Authority stated that 2 critically ill patients needed external life support treatment
Lai Weiwen, Chief Infection Control Director of the Hospital Authority, said that all 41 patients in Wuhan had mild to moderate pneumonia, and no symptoms were found but the virus was positive. Lai Weiwen pointed out that 7 to 8 of them were in serious condition, severe patients were aged 40 to 78, and had kidney and liver failure at the same time, and 2 patients needed external life support treatment.
Severe patients worsened after more than 10 days. Some patients were found to be infected with other viruses at the same time, and some patients were found to have secondary infections. Local judgments indicate that long-term chronic diseases, elderly people, and obesity are high-risk factors.
Lai Weiwen pointed out that a specific rapid test was developed locally, and viruses were found in throat secretion, sputum and blood. The overall number of white blood cells in patients with pneumonia is normal or low, and the lymphocytes are lower than normal. This phenomenon has occurred in other pneumonia. In addition, the lungs of local pneumonia patients will be filled with inflammatory secretions.
Patients are treated locally with supportive care, including oxygen and intravenous injections. Early treatment with Tamiflu was used locally, but it was discontinued after it was found not to be flu. Local preaching has a certain degree of utility. No local ribavirin or protease was used.
Lai Weiwen pointed out that the discharge conditions for pneumonia patients in Wuhan were more than 10 days of fever reduction, and two samples that were 48 hours apart were negative for the virus. As for the deceased patient who became ill last month and died on January 9th, he is a chronically ill patient because his family objected that no autopsy was performed.
https://www.singtao.ca/4037242/2020-01-14/news-【武漢肺炎】醫管局指2名重症病患需體外生命支持治療/?variant=zh-hk
niman
2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Wuhan, China
This is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation and CDC will provide updated information as it becomes available, in addition to updated guidance.
Updated January 16, 2020
Situation Summary
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is closely monitoring an outbreak caused by a novel (new) coronavirus in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Chinese authorities identified the new coronavirus, which has resulted in more than 40 confirmed human infections in China with two deaths reportedexternal icon. A number of countries are actively screening incoming travelers from Wuhan and there has been one exported case confirmed in Thailandexternal icon and another in Japanexternal icon.
Chinese health authorities posted the full genome of the so-called “2019 novel coronavirus” or “2019-nCoV” in GenBankexternal icon, the NIH genetic sequence database, and in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAIDexternal icon) portal.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, some causing illness in people and others that circulate among animals, including camels, cats and bats. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can evolve and infect people and then spread between people such as has been seen with MERS and SARS.
Most of the patients in the outbreak in Wuhan, China have reportedly had some link to a large seafood and animal market, suggesting animal-to-person spread. Some patients in the outbreak reportedly have not had exposure to animal markets, suggesting that some limited person-to-person spread may be occurring.
There are ongoing investigations to learn more. This is a rapidly evolving situation and information will be updated as it becomes available.
Risk Assessment
Outbreaks of novel virus infections among people are always of public health concern. The risk from these outbreaks depends on characteristics of the virus, including whether and how well it spreads between people, the severity of resulting illness, and the medical or other measures available to control the impact of the virus (for example, vaccine or treatment medications).
Chinese health authoritiesexternal icon have reported that most patients in China visited a large seafood and animal market. They additionally report that several hundred health care workers caring for outbreak patients are being monitored and no spread of this virus from patients to health care workers has been detected. They report no sustained spread of this virus in the community, but there are indications that some limited person-to-person spread may have occurred. Cases outside China have all occurred in travelers from Wuhan.
There is much more to learn about how the 2019-nCoV virus spreads, severity of associated illness, and other features of the virus. Investigations are ongoing in China, Thailand and Japan. Based on current information, however, the risk from 2019-nCoV to the American public is deemed to be low at this time. Nevertheless, CDC is taking proactive preparedness precautions.
What to Expect
Access to the full genetic sequence of 2019-nCoV will help identify infections with this virus going forward. More cases may be identified in the coming days, including more in countries outside China. Given what has occurred previously with MERS and SARS, it’s possible that some limited person-to-person spread will occur.
CDC Response
Other Available Resources
The following resources are available with current information on the unnamed novel coronavirus
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/novel-coronavirus-2019.html
niman
Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Committee's report on pneumonia of new coronavirus infection
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-18 00:10:55 | Hits: 1389 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
At 04:00 on January 16, 2020 , 3 patients were discharged from the hospital and no new deaths were reported. After comprehensive research and judgment on the clinical manifestations, epidemiological history, and laboratory test results of the national, provincial and municipal expert groups, 4 new cases of pneumonitis infected with new coronavirus have been added in our city. At present, the new cases have been arranged for transfer to Wuhan All cases were treated at Jinyintan Hospital. All the patients were in stable condition without critical illness. The time of onset of the cases was concentrated from January 5th to 8th. Related epidemiological investigations and search of close contacts were underway.
In addition, Thailand and Japan each reported a case of pneumonia with a new coronavirus infection from Wuhan. Currently, Thai diagnosed cases are being hospitalized; Japanese diagnosed cases have been discharged. Close contacts in the country are conducting follow-up and medical observations.
As of now, 45 cases of pneumonitis with new-type coronavirus infection have been reported in our city, 15 cases have been cured and discharged, 5 cases are being treated in severe cases, and 2 cases have died. The remaining patients are in stable condition. All patients received isolation treatment at designated medical institutions in Wuhan. A total of 763 close contacts have been tracked, 665 medical observations have been lifted, and 98 people are still receiving medical observations. Among the close contacts, no related cases were found.
January 17, 2020
http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020011809064
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About the situation of prevention and control of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection in our city
(January 17, 2020)
Issuing authority: Wuhan City health committee | Published: 2020-01-18 00:13:26 | Hits: 1704 | Font Size: Da Zhong Small
I. About the new cases
On January 16, 2020, experts from the provinces and municipalities newly identified 4 cases of pneumonia with a new type of coronavirus infection based on the clinical manifestations, epidemiological history of the patients, and the results detected by the diagnostic kit issued by the country. All 4 patients were male. They developed symptoms from January 5 to 8, 2020, and were admitted to the hospital from January 8 to 13 for treatment. After treatment, the symptoms improved and the condition is stable. They have been transferred to Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital for centralized treatment. . Epidemiological investigations of the four new cases are underway, and close contacts are also being tracked.
Second, the main measures for the prevention and control of the recent epidemic
Further do a good job in the management of pre-inspection and triage of medical institutions at all levels and early diagnosis, and early detection, isolation and early treatment. The sanitary killing of the South China Seafood Wholesale Market, other agricultural fairs in the city and the living environment of related hospitals, patients and close contacts will continue. Carry out a patriotic health campaign with the theme of “renovating the environment, cleaning homes, and welcoming the festival” to promote a healthy lifestyle.
3. Related situation of close contacts of confirmed cases abroad
Seventeen Thai close contacts of the first confirmed patients were tracked, all of which were included in medical observations. One of them had symptoms of low fever and mild cough, and has been transferred to designated hospitals for treatment. Personnel information, tracking of close family contacts is under way; 4 cases of close family contacts have been tracked for patients with confirmed cases notified in Japan, all of which have been included in medical observation.
http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020011809065
niman
Rapid Risk Assessment: Cluster of pneumonia cases caused by a novel coronavirus, Wuhan, China, 2020
The likelihood of importation of cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) to the EU is considered to be low, but cannot be excluded in the current situation.This document presents disease background, risk assessment and options for response.
Executive summary
A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been isolated and considered the causative agent of the cluster of 41 pneumonia cases in the area of Wuhan, Hubei province in China, and three travel-related cases in Thailand and Japan, arriving from Wuhan.
The majority of detected pneumonia cases reported having visited the Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market recently before disease onset. Some cases did not report any exposure to this specific market, but to other food markets in Wuhan. For a few cases there was no direct connection with a food market. The Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market has been closed and disinfected. However, there is no information available on restrictions at other food markets in Wuhan. If the sources of the infections are indeed certain animals sold in the market, other markets in the city may continue to pose a risk of infection. At the moment, there is no information on the source of infection or the transmission mode.
As of 16 January 2020, there is no clear indication of sustained human-to-human transmission. The report of two small family clusters in Wuhan and the exposure history of the imported Japanese case (history of contact with a person with an acute, not laboratory confirmed, respiratory infection in Wuhan) suggest that person-to-person transmission may have occurred. In the absence of detailed information from the ongoing studies in China, it is impossible to quantify the potential of the 2019-nCoV for human-to-human transmission.
The clinical information on confirmed 2019-nCoV cases reported so far suggests a milder disease course than that observed in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV cases. However, in the absence of results from ongoing epidemiological investigations, it is impossible to assess whether there are population groups at higher risk of severe illness.
Risk for travellers, importation and further spread in the EU
Three EU airports have direct flight connections to Wuhan and there are indirect flight connections to other EU hubs. The likelihood of EU/EEA travellers becoming infected while visiting any wet or live animal markets in Wuhan is considered to be moderate, as the source of infection is unknown and could still be active. The likelihood of infection for travellers visiting Wuhan, but not visiting these markets, is considered low, because so far there is no indication of virus circulation in the community.
Therefore, the likelihood of importation of cases of 2019-nCoV to the EU is considered to be low, but cannot be excluded in the current situation.
The upcoming Chinese New Year celebrations at the end of January 2020 will cause an increase in the volume of travel to/from China and within China, increasing the likelihood of possible cases arriving in the EU.
If a case is identified in the EU, rigorous infection prevention and control measures (IPC) should be applied. Current evidence that human-to-human transmission is limited indicates that the assessed likelihood of further spread in the community setting within the EU/EEA is very low, but the risk cannot be excluded.
Risk of nosocomial transmission, infection prevention and control
So far, there are no reported instances of disease transmission to healthcare workers/medical personnel in China, Japan and Thailand. Therefore, the likelihood of nosocomial transmission is considered very low, provided that appropriate IPC measures are applied [41].
Risk of transmission in airplane
There are no specific guidelines for assessing the risk of 2019-nCoV transmission during a flight. Assessment should be made on a case-by-case basis. As the current level of uncertainty regarding transmission of 2019-nCoV is high, comprehensive contact tracing of confirmed cases should be considered and if this is not possible, efforts should be made to at least trace passengers seated in the same row and passengers seated two rows in front or behind the index case. In addition, ECDC will shortly be publishing an updated guide on MERS-CoV infections during a flight.
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-cluster-pneumonia-cases-caused-novel-coronavirus-wuhan
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China reports new virus cases, raising concern globally before key holiday
4 MIN READ
BEIJING (Reuters) - China reported four more cases of pneumonia believed to be caused by a new coronavirus strain, causing rising concern globally that a disease health officials do not yet fully understand could spread during a key holiday period.
The new virus, which was discovered in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, belongs in the same large family of coronaviruses that includes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which killed nearly 800 people globally during a 2002/03 outbreak that also started in China.
Though experts say the new virus does not appear to be as lethal as SARS, there is little known about its origins and how easily it can spread. Thailand and Japan have confirmed new cases of the virus earlier this week, stoking worries globally as many of the 1.4 billion Chinese people will travel abroad during the Lunar New Year holidays that begin next week.
Authorities around the world including in the United States, Thailand and South Korea have stepped up monitoring of travelers from Wuhan as part of their efforts to prevent the disease from spreading.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has also warned that a wider outbreak is possible, though it has advised against any travel restrictions for China.
The Wuhan Municipal Health Commission (WMHC) said on Saturday the four new individuals diagnosed with the new virus are in stable condition, adding it has confirmed 45 cases in the city as of Thursday. A day earlier, the commission confirmed the death of a second patient.
Nearly 50 people are now known to have been infected globally, but all of them either live in Wuhan or have traveled to the city.
A report published by the London Imperial College’s MRC Center for Global Infectious Disease Analysis said there are likely “substantially more cases” of the new coronavirus than currently announced by Wuhan authorities: its base scenario estimate is that there would be 1,723 cases showing onset of related symptoms by Jan. 12.
The WMHC referred Reuters queries about the report to the National Health Commission (NHC) and the Hubei provincial government, but the NHC and the Hubei government did not immediately respond to Reuters requests for comment. Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province.
SCREENING
U.S. authorities have said they would start screening at three airports to detect travelers arriving via direct or connecting flights from Wuhan who may have symptoms of the new virus.
In Asia, authorities in Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand have stepped up monitoring of passengers from Wuhan at airports. Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines say they have strengthened screening at all points of entry in response to the outbreak, as well.
But Alexandra Phelan, global health legal expert at Georgetown University’s Center for Global Health Science and Security, said such screening may be insufficient in preventing the virus from spreading as its symptoms, which include fever, cough and difficulty in breathing, are “quite general”.
“There are likely to be many individuals with matching symptoms due to an illness that is not 2019-nCoV,” Phelan said, referring to the new virus.
Reporting by Se Young Lee and Hallie Gu; Additional reporting by John Geddie in
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-pneumonia/china-reports-new-virus-cases-raising-concern-globally-before-key-holiday-idUSKBN1ZH020
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Wuhan pneumonia: Wuhan bans sale of live poultry, cracks down on wildlife trade
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