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On 16 January 2016, Ministry of Health of Bolivia, through its National IHR Focal Points (NFP), notified PAHO/WHO of the first laboratory-confirmed cases of locally-acquired Zika virus infection in the country. The case is a 32-year-old pregnant woman from Portachuelo, Santa Cruz Department, with onset of symptoms on 8 January. She has no recent history of travel. On 12 January, samples of the patient were sent to the National Center for Tropical Diseases for testing. On 14 January, the case was confirmed by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) (viral genome detection).View the full article

http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/temp/reports/en_imm_0000019561_20160120_171828.pdf

Low pathogenic avian influenza (poultry), United States of America Information received on 19/01/2016 from Dr John Clifford, Deputy Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSummaryReport typeImmediate notificationDate of start of the event16/01/2016Date of confirmation of the event16/01/2016Report date19/01/2016Date submitted to OIE19/01/2016Reason for notificationReoccurrence of a listed diseaseDate of previous occurrence2015Manifestation of diseaseSub-clinical infectionCausal agentLow pathogenic avian influenza virusSerotypeH7N8Nature of diagnosisLaboratory (advanced)This event pertains toa defined zone within the countryNew outbreaks (8)Outbreak 1Dubois County 2, Dubois, INDIANADate of start of the outbreak16/01/2016Outbreak statusContinuing (or date resolved not provided)Epidemiological unitFarmAffected animalsSpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsDestroyedSlaughteredBirds21000 210000Affected populationA commercial turkey flock.Outbreak 2Dubois County 8, Dubois, INDIANADate of start of the outbreak16/01/2016Outbreak statusContinuing (or date resolved not provided)Epidemiological unitFarmAffected animalsSpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsDestroyedSlaughteredBirds37000 370000Affected populationA commercial turkey flock.Outbreak 3Dubois County 9, Dubois, INDIANADate of start of the outbreak16/01/2016Outbreak statusContinuing (or date resolved not provided)Epidemiological unitFarmAffected animalsSpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsDestroyedSlaughteredBirds16700 167000Affected populationA commercial turkey flock.Outbreak 4Dubois County 3, Dubois, INDIANADate of start of the outbreak16/01/2016Outbreak statusContinuing (or date resolved not provided)Epidemiological unitFarmAffected animalsSpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsDestroyedSlaughteredBirds29000 290000Affected populationA commercial turkey flock.Outbreak 5Dubois County 4, Dubois, INDIANADate of start of the outbreak16/01/2016Outbreak statusContinuing (or date resolved not provided)Epidemiological unitFarmAffected animalsSpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsDestroyedSlaughteredBirds12000 120000Affected populationA commercial turkey flock.Outbreak 6Dubois County 7, Dubois, INDIANADate of start of the outbreak16/01/2016Outbreak statusContinuing (or date resolved not provided)Epidemiological unitFarmAffected animalsSpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsDestroyedSlaughteredBirds11705 Affected populationA commercial turkey flock.Outbreak 7Dubois County 5, Dubois, INDIANADate of start of the outbreak16/01/2016Outbreak statusContinuing (or date resolved not provided)Epidemiological unitFarmAffected animalsSpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsDestroyedSlaughteredBirds22000 220000Affected populationA commercial turkey flock.Outbreak 8Dubois County 10, Dubois, INDIANADate of start of the outbreak16/01/2016Outbreak statusContinuing (or date resolved not provided)Epidemiological unitFarmAffected animalsSpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsDestroyedSlaughteredBirds6000 60000Affected populationA commercial turkey flock.Summary of outbreaksTotal outbreaks: 8Total animals affectedSpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsDestroyedSlaughteredBirds155405** 1437000Outbreak statisticsSpeciesApparent morbidity rateApparent mortality rateApparent case fatality rateProportion susceptible animals lost*Birds*********Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter**Not calculated because of missing informationEpidemiologySource of the outbreak(s) or origin of infectionUnknown or inconclusiveEpidemiological commentsAs part of existing avian influenza response plans, the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) in conjunction with the Indiana State Board of Animal Health, are conducting a comprehensive epidemiological investigation and enhanced surveillance and testing in the Indiana HPAI H7N8 control area. Enhanced surveillance in the control area for the HPAI H7N8 Indiana event identified low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H7N8 in 8 turkey flocks. The partial sequences of the LPAI and HPAI H7N8 viruses are nearly identical except for the HA gene insertion which imparts high pathogenicity to the HPAI virus. While the detection of AI in these additional flocks was of low pathogenicity, and the turkeys in these flocks were clinically healthy, this virus has a potential to mutate to HPAI, and, therefore, appropriate sanitary measures are being implemented to mitigate the risk. State officials have quarantined the affected premises and implemented movement controls. Depopulation of birds on the premises is under way. Control measuresMeasures appliedMovement control inside the countryQuarantineSurveillance outside containment and/or protection zoneStamping outSurveillance within containment and/or protection zoneZoningVaccination prohibitedNo treatment of affected animalsMeasures to be appliedDisinfection / DisinfestationOfficial disposal of carcasses, by-products and wasteDiagnostic test resultsLaboratory name and typeSpeciesTestTest dateResultNational Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) (National laboratory)Birdsreal-time reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR)16/01/2016PositiveNational Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) (National laboratory)Birdsvirus isolation PendingNational Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) (National laboratory)Birdsvirus sequencing16/01/2016PositiveFuture ReportingThe event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.Map of outbreak locations

OIE report on Dubois County Indiana LPAI H7N8 outbreak. http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=19561

State of Indiana Response to Avian Flu in Dubois County 1/19/16 New information is in bold italics DEVELOPING SITUATION On January 15, it was announced that confirmed cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza were found in Dubois County. State, local and federal agencies are working together on containment and depopulation operations. On January 16, nine additional avian influenza detections were announced, with the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) confirming on January 17 that eight flocks have been confirmed as low pathogenic avian influenza, with additional testing ongoing for the ninth. A 10 kilometer control area has been established, primarily in Dubois County. An extension of an extra 10-kilomenter “surveillance zone,” beyond the 10-km control zone, has been put in place as a precaution. The surveillance zone includes parts of Crawford, Daviess, Martin and Orange counties. All infected sites are in Dubois County. There were no new positive tests overnight, but aggressive testing continues inside the 10-km control area. In the last 24 hours, 114 commercial farms have tested negative for influenza; 62 in the control area and 52 in the added surveillance zone. Birds have been humanely euthanized on seven premises, with another three premises currently underway. The depopulated turkeys will be composted in the buildings in which they euthanized. The composting process takes about three weeks, after which time, the compost can be used agriculturally because it will not contain the virus. An additional 155,000 hens (chickens) that are NOT infected with H7N8 have been depopulated and disposed of in a landfill. The building shares a vehicular traffic zone with the original site. No chickens are infected. State and federal teams have visited 1,248 residences in a 10-kilometer radius control zone around the original site to search for small, backyard flocks of birds for precautionary monitoring and testing. A total of 46 backyard flocks have been found, and sampling is in progress. Several mental health treatment options available to those affected: - Phone hotline offered by Southern Hills Counseling Center in Jasper, at 812-482-3020. If the call is made after hours, the caller should press 0. - A 24-hour phone hotline through Memorial Hospital and Healthcare Center, at 812-827-6222. - Daily group sessions are available at the command post from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and at the staging area from 6 to 8 p.m. Services will be provided as long as needed. STATE RESPONSE A total of 182 state, federal and local responders are working in Dubois county on surveillance and response efforts. A Unified Incident Command Post (UCP) has been established in Jasper, Indiana. The post is staffed by a state Incident Management Team, along with federal and local partners. State Agencies supporting activities in the UCP: The State Board of Animal Health, Indiana State Department of Agriculture, Indiana Department of Homeland Security, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indiana State Department of Health, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indiana Department of Correction, Indiana State Police and mental health services teams from the Family and Social Services Administration. Other organizations supporting activities in the UCP: United States Department of Agriculture, Indiana University, Dubois County Emergency Management Agency and Dubois County Health Department and the Indiana Civil Air Patrol. State Emergency Operations Center: Under the leadership of the Indiana Department of Homeland Security (IDHS), the Indiana Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has been activated at Level III and will remain activated 24 hours a day to monitor conditions and provide resource support to local county emergency agencies. State Agencies supporting activities in the EOC: State Board of Animal Health, Indiana Department of Homeland Security, Indiana State Department of Agriculture, Indiana State Department of Health, Indiana Department of Transportation, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indiana State Police, Indiana Department of Natural Resources and Indiana Department of Correction. Other organizations supporting activities in the EOC: Purdue Extension FEDERAL RESPONSE The United States Department of Agriculture has approximately 50 representatives, along with private contractors, in Dubois County assisting with state and local efforts. A National Incident Management Team will be arriving in Indiana this weekend to help coordinate efforts. PUBLIC ADVISORIES Avian influenza does not present a food safety risk; poultry and eggs are safe to eat. Officials are not aware of any public health significance with this virus. Human infection from an H7 virus is uncommon, but can cause some conjunctivitis and/or upper respiratory tract symptoms. Human health agencies will be monitoring workers and others in contact with birds to monitor for illness. Backyard poultry owners are encouraged to be aware of the signs of avian influenza and report illness and/or death to the USDA Healthy Birds Hotline: 866-536-7593. Callers will be routed to a state or federal veterinarian in Indiana for a case assessment. Dead birds should be double-bagged and refrigerated for possible testing. Signs include: sudden death without clinical signs; lack of energy or appetite; decreased egg production; soft-shelled or misshapen eggs; swelling or purple discoloration of head, eyelids, comb, hocks; nasal discharge; coughing; sneezing; lack of coordination; and diarrhea. A great resource for backyard bird health information is online at: www.healthybirds.aphis.usda.gov. Situation updates and status reports about ongoing avian influenza activities, along with critical disease-related information, will be posted online at: www.in.gov/boah/2390.htm. Users may subscribe to email updates on a link at that page.

On 11 January 2016, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of China notified WHO of 10 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, including 3 deaths. The cases were reported in the provinces of Zhejiang (6), Jiangsu (2), Guangdong (1) and Jiangxi (1). The median age of the patients is 52.5 years old (ranging from 29 to 77 years old). The cases are split equally between men and women. One of the patients is a health care worker. All cases reported a history of exposure to live poultry.View the full article

State of Indiana Response to Avian Flu in Dubois County 1/18/16 New information is in bold italics DEVELOPING SITUATION Indiana Board of Animal Health (BOAH) and U.S. Department of Agriculture teams have visited 900-plus residences in a 10-kilometer radius “control area” around the original site to identify small, “backyard” flocks of birds for precautionary monitoring and testing. To date, 27 such flocks have been identified. These efforts will continue. Indiana State Veterinarian Bret D. Marsh, DVM, today announced the addition of an extra 10-kilomenter “surveillance zone,” beyond the 10-km control area. This is an added precaution to ensure the region is influenza-free. (“Kilometers” are used rather than “miles” because of international standardization protocols for such situations.) There are 155,000 egg-laying chickens (“layers”) that are NOT infected, but are being depopulated and disposed of via landfill because the facility is considered a “dangerous contact” to an infected turkey flock. The laying facility is located very close to an infected barn, putting the birds at high risk of contracting the disease. These chickens do not have influenza. This brings the total number of birds affected to 401,163. Depopulation efforts continue, although hampered by the extreme cold temperatures, which cause water sources to freeze. Currently, depopulation has been completed at six of the 10 turkey flocks. Work continues on the remaining four, as well as the newly added layer facility. Euthanized turkeys are being composted in the buildings in which they were housed. The composting process takes about 30 days, after which time, the remaining material can be used agriculturally because it will not contain the virus. Control area flock tests continue to come back with NEGATIVE results, meaning no virus was detected. In the last 24 hours, 221 tests have been submitted. The Indiana State Department of Health is working with the Dubois County Health Department to monitor the health of workers who have had contact with infected birds to ensure they are healthy and verify that the H7N8 virus has not transmitted to people. Mental health services are being provided in Jasper to those who have been affected by the HPAI event. Services are open to anyone and everyone, not just site workers. Daily group sessions are held at the command post during lunch hour, and at the staging area during dinner hour. Services will be provided as long as needed. A mental health treatment hotline, provided by Southern Hills Counseling Center in Jasper, is available by calling: 812-482-3020. If the call is made after hours, the caller needs to press 0. United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has confirmed the pathogenicity of eight of the nine H7N8 avian influenza detections announced on January 16. Eight flocks have been confirmed as low pathogenic avian influenza, with additional testing ongoing for the ninth. There were no new positive tests overnight, but aggressive testing continues inside the 10-km control area. In the last 24 hours, commercial farms have yielded an additional 100 negative tests for avian influenza. State and federal teams have visited 503 residences in the control area to identify any small flocks for testing. Tests are pending on 17 small flocks. Confirmed cases of Avian Flu have been found in Dubois County. State, local and federal agencies are working together on containment and depopulation operations. An estimated 119,500 birds have been humanely euthanized on four premises, with another six premises containing approximately 121,400 birds currently underway. The control area is primarily in Dubois County, and has expanded to include parts of Crawford, Daviess, Martin and Orange counties. All infected sites are in Dubois County. STATE RESPONSE A Unified Incident Command Post (UCP) has been established in Jasper, Indiana. The post is staffed by a state Incident Management Team, along with federal and local partners. State Agencies supporting activities in the UCP: The Indiana State Board of Animal Health, Indiana State Department of Agriculture, Indiana Department of Homeland Security, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indiana State Department of Health, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indiana Department of Correction, Indiana State Police and mental health services teams from the Family and Social Services Administration. Other organizations supporting activities in the UCP: United States Department of Agriculture, Indiana University, Dubois County Emergency Management Agency and Dubois County Health Department. State Emergency Operations Center: Under the leadership of the Indiana Department of Homeland Security (IDHS), the Indiana Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has been activated at Level III and will remain activated 24 hours a day to monitor conditions and provide resource support to local county emergency agencies. State Agencies supporting activities in the EOC: State Board of Animal Health, Indiana Department of Homeland Security, Indiana State Department of Health, Indiana Department of Transportation, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indiana State Police, Indiana Department of Natural Resources and Indiana Department of Correction. FEDERAL RESPONSE The United States Department of Agriculture has approximately 50 representatives, along with private contractors, in Dubois County assisting with state and local efforts. A National Incident Management Team will be arriving in Indiana this weekend to help coordinate efforts. PUBLIC ADVISORIES Avian influenza does not present a food safety risk; poultry and eggs are safe to eat. Officials are not aware of any public health significance with this virus. Human infection from an H7 virus is uncommon, but can cause some conjunctivitis and/or upper respiratory tract symptoms. Human health agencies will be monitoring workers and others in contact with birds to monitor for illness. Backyard poultry owners are encouraged to be aware of the signs of avian influenza and report illness and/or death to the USDA Healthy Birds Hotline: 866-536-7593. Callers will be routed to a state or federal veterinarian in Indiana for a case assessment. Dead birds should be double-bagged and refrigerated for possible testing. Signs include: sudden death without clinical signs; lack of energy or appetite; decreased egg production; soft-shelled or misshapen eggs; swelling or purple discoloration of head, eyelids, comb, hocks; nasal discharge; coughing; sneezing; lack of coordination; and diarrhea. A great resource for backyard bird health information is online at: www.healthybirds.aphis.usda.gov. Situation updates and status reports about ongoing avian influenza activities, along with critical disease-related information, will be posted online at: www.in.gov/boah/2390.htm. Users may subscribe to email updates on a link at that page.

State of Indiana Response to Avian Flu in Dubois County 1/17/16 New information is in bold italics DEVELOPING SITUATION United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has confirmed the pathogenicity of eight of the nine H7N8 avian influenza detections announced on January 16. Eight flocks have been confirmed as low pathogenic avian influenza, with additional testing ongoing for the ninth. There were no new positive tests overnight, but aggressive testing continues inside the 10-km control area. In the last 24 hours, commercial farms have yielded an additional 100 negative tests for avian influenza. State and federal teams have visited 503 residences in the control area to identify any small flocks for testing. Tests are pending on 17 small flocks. Confirmed cases of Avian Flu have been found in Dubois County. State, local and federal agencies are working together on containment and depopulation operations. An estimated 119,500 birds have been humanely euthanized on four premises, with another six premises containing approximately 121,400 birds currently underway. The control area is primarily in Dubois County, and has expanded to include parts of Crawford, Daviess, Martin and Orange counties. All infected sites are in Dubois County. STATE RESPONSE A Unified Incident Command Post (UCP) has been established in Jasper, Indiana. The post is staffed by a state Incident Management Team, along with federal and local partners. State Agencies supporting activities in the UCP: The State Board of Animal Health, Indiana State Department of Agriculture, Indiana Department of Homeland Security, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indiana State Department of Health, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indiana Department of Correction, Indiana State Police and mental health services teams from the Family and Social Services Administration. Other organizations supporting activities in the UCP: United States Department of Agriculture, Indiana University, Dubois County Emergency Management Agency and Dubois County Health Department and the Indiana Civil Air Patrol. State Emergency Operations Center: Under the leadership of the Indiana Department of Homeland Security (IDHS), the Indiana Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has been activated at Level III and will remain activated 24 hours a day to monitor conditions and provide resource support to local county emergency agencies. State Agencies supporting activities in the EOC: State Board of Animal Health, Indiana Department of Homeland Security, Indiana State Department of Health, Indiana Department of Transportation, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indiana State Police, Indiana Department of Natural Resources and Indiana Department of Correction. FEDERAL RESPONSE The United States Department of Agriculture has approximately 50 representatives, along with private contractors, in Dubois County assisting with state and local efforts. A National Incident Management Team will be arriving in Indiana this weekend to help coordinate efforts. PUBLIC ADVISORIES Avian influenza does not present a food safety risk; poultry and eggs are safe to eat. Officials are not aware of any public health significance with this virus. Human infection from an H7 virus is uncommon, but can cause some conjunctivitis and/or upper respiratory tract symptoms. Human health agencies will be monitoring workers and others in contact with birds to monitor for illness. Backyard poultry owners are encouraged to be aware of the signs of avian influenza and report illness and/or death to the USDA Healthy Birds Hotline: 866-536-7593. Callers will be routed to a state or federal veterinarian in Indiana for a case assessment. Dead birds should be double-bagged and refrigerated for possible testing. Signs include: sudden death without clinical signs; lack of energy or appetite; decreased egg production; soft-shelled or misshapen eggs; swelling or purple discoloration of head, eyelids, comb, hocks; nasal discharge; coughing; sneezing; lack of coordination; and diarrhea. A great resource for backyard bird health information is online at: www.healthybirds.aphis.usda.gov. Situation updates and status reports about ongoing avian influenza activities, along with critical disease-related information, will be posted online at: www.in.gov/boah/2390.htm. Users may subscribe to email updates on a link at that page.

Affected Counties 2016 County & Flock # Date Confirmed Positive Number of Poultry Type of Operation StatusType Dubois 1Jan. 14, 2016 62,000Commercial TurkeyDepopulated H7N8 Dubois 2Jan. 16, 2016 21,000Commercial TurkeyDepopulation is underway LPAI H7N8 Dubois 3 Jan. 16, 2016 29,000Commercial TurkeyDepopulation is underwayLPAI H7N8 Dubois 4 Jan. 16, 2016 12,000Commercial TurkeyDepopulatedLPAI H7N8 Dubois 5 Jan. 16, 2016 22,000Commercial TurkeyDepopulatedLPAI H7N8 Dubois 6 Jan. 16, 2016 23,500Commercial TurkeyDepopulatedH7 Suspect Dubois 7 Jan. 16, 2016 11,700Commercial TurkeyDepopulation is underwayLPAI H7N8 Dubois 8 Jan. 16, 2016 37,000Commercial TurkeyDepopulation is underwayLPAI H7N8 Dubois 9 Jan. 16, 201616,700Commercial TurkeyDepopulation is underwayLPAI H7N8 Dubois 10 Jan. 16, 2016 6,600Commercial TurkeyDepopulation is underwayLPAI H7N8 TBD = to be determined Current Statewide Situation Total number of affected premises = 10 Total number of affected counties = 1 Premises by County/Number of flocks Dubois : 10 Total number of birds affected in Indiana Commercial Turkey: 240,900 _________________ Total: TBD http://www.in.gov/boah/2390.htm

--- PRESS RELEASE ---For Immediate ReleaseIndiana Clarifies Avian Flu Findings in Nine FlocksLaboratory Results Confirmed OvernightFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE INDIANAPOLIS (17 Jan. 2016)--Laboratory testing of samples from eight of nine Southern Indiana turkey flocks was completed overnight by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa. While all nine were announced as H7 influenza-positive yesterday, the specific strain was yet to be determined. The Indiana State Board of Animal Health (BOAH) has been informed eight are low-pathogenic H7N8. Testing continues on the remaining sample. Avian influenza does not present a food safety risk; poultry and eggs are safe to eat. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) considers the risk of illness to humans to be very low. Indiana State Veterinarian Bret D. Marsh, DVM calls this good news, and evidence that Indiana’s aggressive surveillance and response efforts in Dubois County are working. “The low-path H7N8 virus was identified during testing in the 10-km zone around the initial flu-positive flock,” Dr. Marsh said. “Because flu viruses are constantly mutating, we want to catch any case as early as possible after infection. We know this virus strain can intensify, so finding these cases as low-path strains shows we are keeping pace with the spread of this disease in the area.” In addition to the HxNx naming scheme for specific strains, AI viruses are further classified by their pathogenicity—the ability of a particular virus strain to produce disease in domestic chickens. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus strains are extremely infectious, often fatal to domestic poultry, and can spread rapidly from flock to flock. Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus strains occur naturally in wild migratory waterfowl and shorebirds without causing illness. LPAI viruses have the potential to mutate into HPAI. “This finding does not alter the aggressive control strategy BOAH has set forth,” added Dr. Marsh. “Nor does it change our resolve to eliminate this virus wherever we find it.” Priority response by the state of Indiana and USDA continues on all the infected farms. Turkeys are being humanely euthanized on infected sites within 24 hours of diagnosis. Depopulation eliminates the source of infection to prevent the disease from spreading. Disposal of the turkeys, primarily via indoor composting, will be followed by thorough cleaning and disinfection of all barns. Aggressive testing of other poultry farms in the area continues. During the last 24 hours, commercial farms have yielded 100 negative flu tests, beyond the nine new positives. In addition, state and federal teams have visited 503 residences in the area to identify any small flocks for testing. Tests are pending on 17 small flocks. Residential visits will continue in the 10-km area. About Indiana Poultry: Dubois County is Indiana's largest turkey-producing county, growing 1.4 million birds annually. The state ranks fourth in the nation in turkey production. As a major supplier of eggs, ducks and chickens, too, Indiana's poultry industry generates $2.4 billion and employs 14,000 Hoosiers. UPDATES and INFORMATION: Situation updates and status reports about ongoing avian influenza response activities, along with critical disease-related information, will be posted online at: www.in.gov/boah/2390.htm . Users may subscribe to email updates on a link at that page. # For additional information, contact:Denise Derrer at [email protected] the Indiana State Board of Animal HealthThe Indiana State Board of Animal Health (BOAH), also known as "the Office of the State Veterinarian", has primary mission areas of: animal health, food safety (Dairy, Meat and Poultry Inspection), disaster preparedness and animal care.For more information,visit www.boah.in.gov.

On 8 January 2016, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of China notified WHO of 2 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H5N6) virus. The Chinese Government has taken the following surveillance and control measures:View the full article

On 4 January 2016, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Brazil provided PAHO/WHO with an epidemiological report regarding the increase of microcephaly cases in the country. As of 2 January, 3,174 suspected cases of microcephaly, including 38 deaths, had been identified at the national level. The cases are distributed across 684 municipalities of 21 federal units. The Northeastern region continues to report the highest number of suspected cases.View the full article

On 21 December 2015, WHO received notification of the first 2 laboratory-confirmed cases of Zika virus infection in two overseas departments of France: Remire-Montjoly, French Guiana and Schœlcher, Martinique. Since then, 2 additional cases have been reported in Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana and in Fort de France, Martinique. The cases were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (viral genome detection) at the Pasteur Institute in Cayenne, French Guiana and at the university hospital laboratory in Martinique.View the full article

On 31 December 2015, the National IHR Focal Point (NFP) of the United States of America notified PAHO/WHO of the first laboratory-confirmed case of Zika virus infection in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States. The patient is a resident of Puerto Rico and had no travel history outside the island in the three months prior to the onset of illness. A blood sample obtained from the patient tested positive for Zika viral RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Epidemiological investigations are ongoing to determine the source of exposure and detect possible additional cases. Vector control efforts by the Department of Environmental Health, including inspections to identify mosquito breeding sites, is underway. The public is being urged to take preventive measures to avoid mosquito bites.View the full article

On 3 January 2016, the National IHR Focal Point of Oman notified WHO of 1 additional case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. A 44-year-old male from the North Batinah Governorate developed symptoms on 25 December and, on 1 January, was admitted to hospital. On 3 January, the patient, who has no comorbidities, tested positive for MERS-CoV. Currently, he is in stable condition in a negative pressure isolation room on a ward. The patient has a history of exposure to dromedary camels in the 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms. He has no history of exposure to other known risk factors in the 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms. Contact tracing of household contacts is ongoing for the case. Investigation of camels is also ongoing.View the full article

Between 30 December 2015 and 2 January 2016, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of China notified WHO of 2 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H5N6) virus. The Chinese Government has taken the following surveillance and control measures:View the full article

Between 29 November and 17 December 2015, the National IHR Focal Point for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia notified WHO of 4 additional cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, including 2 deaths. Globally, since September 2012, WHO has been notified of 1,625 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with MERS-CoV, including at least 586 related deaths.View the full article

On 14 December 2015, the National IHR Focal Point (NFP) of Panama notified PAHO/WHO of one (1) additional laboratory-confirmed case of Zika virus infection. As of 17 December, 4 cases of Zika virus had been confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All laboratory-confirmed cases of Zika virus infection are female ranging in age between 25 and 59 years.View the full article

On 21 October 2015, the National IHR Focal Point of Cape Verde informed WHO of the country’s first reported epidemic of Zika virus infection. On 5 October 2015, health centres in Praia, Santiago Island began to report cases of cutaneous rash and pruritus with and apparently without fever. The earliest onset of symptoms occurred on 27 September. As of 14 October, a total of 165 cases had been reported.View the full article

On 16 December 2015, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Honduras reported two (2) autochthonous cases of Zika virus infection. Both cases are male and residents of the southern area of Honduras. The cases were identified through active surveillance, and laboratory-confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The MoH called on the public to continue prevention and control activities, including vector control. The proximity of mosquito vector breeding sites to human habitation is a significant risk factor for Zika virus infection. Prevention and control relies on reducing the breeding of mosquitoes through source reduction (removal and modification of breeding sites) and reducing contact between mosquitoes and people. This can be achieved by reducing the number of natural and artificial water-filled habitats that support mosquito larvae, reducing the adult mosquito populations around at-risk communities and by using barriers such as repellents, insect screens, closed doors and windows, and long clothing. Since the Aedes mosquitoes (the primary vector for transmission) are day-biting mosquitoes, it is recommended that those who sleep during the daytime, particularly young children, the sick or elderly, should use insecticide-treated mosquito nets to provide protection. Mosquito coils or other insecticide vaporizers may also reduce the likelihood of being bitten.View the full article

The National IHR Focal Point of Myanmar has notified WHO of 2 cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2). Laboratory confirmation that VDPV type 2 is circulating in Myanmar was received on 7 November 2015. The circulating VDPV2 was isolated from a 16-month old boy who developed acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) on 5 October. The child had not been previously vaccinated against polio. This strain is from the same VDPV2 strain isolated earlier this year from a polio case (a 28-month-old child) that had developed AFP on 16 April. The two cases are from the same township in Rakhine state. The genetic changes of the isolates detected in April and October suggest that the cVDPV2 may have been circulating for more than one year.View the full article

On 11 December 2015, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of China notified WHO of 2 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. The Chinese Government has taken the following surveillance and control measuresView the full article

On 8 December 2015, the National IHR Focal Point of Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) notified WHO of 2 additional VDPV1 cases. These cases are from Xaisomboun, a previously unaffected province. To date, the total number of confirmed cVDPV1 cases in this outbreak is 5. The first case is a 7 month-old male with an onset of paralysis on 3 October. He lives in Hom district, Xaisomboun province. The case received oral polio vaccine (OPV) on 30 September. On 4 November, stool samples were collected from 2 close contacts; both of these contacts tested positive for cVDPV1.View the full article