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Mon Sep 5, 2016 5:39pm IST Philippines confirms first case of Zika virus this year: ministry A member of a pest control team shows a container of mosquito larvae that they collected during their inspections at Zika clusters in Singapore September 5, 2016. REUTERS/Edgar Su The Philippines confirmed on Monday its first case of the Zika virus this year and said it was "highly likely" it had been locally transmitted, and it expected more cases after stepping up surveillance. A 45-year old woman who lives in Iloilo city in the central Philippines has the virus, Dr Eric Tayag, spokesman at the health ministry, told a media briefing. The woman is not pregnant, he said, and was recovering at her home. It was considered "highly likely" she had contracted the virus locally as she had no history of travel to any affected country in the past two weeks, Tayag said. The Philippines reported its first case of Zika in 2012, that of a teenaged boy in Cebu island in the central Philippines. Four subsequent cases were foreigners. A Zika outbreak is affecting large parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, with Brazil the hardest hit, but cases have been cropping up in Asia. Singapore has reported more than 240 Zika cases since the first locally infected case was detected on Aug. 27 and neighboring Malaysia has reported one such case. Zika infections in pregnant women have been shown to cause microcephaly - a severe birth defect in which the head and brain are undersized - as well as other brain abnormalities. The connection between Zika and microcephaly first came to light last fall in Brazil, which has since confirmed more than 1,800 cases of microcephaly. n adults, Zika infections have also been linked to a rare neurological syndrome known as Guillain-Barre, as well as other neurological disorders. There is no vaccine or treatment for Zika, which is a close cousin of dengue and chikungunya and causes mild fever, rash and red eyes. (Reporting by Karen Lema; Editing by Robert Birsel) http://in.reuters.com/article/us-health-zika-philippines-idINKCN11B1D9?feedType=RSS&feedName=health&utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+reuters%2FINhealth+(News+%2F+IN+%2F+Health)

Isolation no longer needed for Zika cases; subsidised rates for those with symptoms TODAY file photo. 16 new Zika cases confirmed as of 12pm Monday, (Sept 5), bringing total number to 258. mail print View all 1 comments PUBLISHED: 6:32 PM, SEPTEMBER 5, 2016 UPDATED: 7:20 PM, SEPTEMBER 5, 2016 SINGAPORE - From Tuesday (Sept 6), suspect Zika cases will no longer need to be isolated while waiting for test results, as the Ministry of Health (MOH), in a statement released on Tuesday. The ministry added that it will also extend subsidies for the Zika test to all Singaporeans with Zika symptoms starting Wednesday. "As the cases of Zika in Singapore have been mild so far, confirmed cases will no longer need to be hospitalised unless medically indicated,” MOH said. "Patients who test positive for Zika will be hospitalised only if judged clinically necessary by their doctor. This is similar to how dengue patients are managed." Currently all suspect cases of Zika infection are isolated in hospitals as an added precaution while awaiting confirmation of their blood test results. But starting Tuesday, after urine and/or blood samples have been taken at clinics or hospitals, patients will be able to return home to wait for test results. The ministry added that as more cases emerge in areas, there is evidence that “there is transmission in the community with the presence of infected mosquitoes”. As most of the patients do not display symptoms, isolation of patients with symptoms will have limited effect, it said. This comes as the number of new cases fell to 16, as of noon on Monday – compared to 26 on Saturday and 27 on Sunday – bringing the total number of locally transmitted cases to 258. Of the new cases confirmed on Monday, 11 are linked to the Aljunied Crescent/ Sims Drive/ Kallang Way/ Paya Lebar Way cluster. One case is linked to the Joo Seng Road cluster, and the other four have no known links to any existing cluster. MOH did not reveal where these four cases live or work. So far, there are three Zika clusters: Aljunied Crescent/ Sims Drive/ Kallang Way/ Paya Lebar Way; Bedok North Avenue 3; and Joo Seng Road. And of the 258 cases, 16 cases with no known links to other cases and clusters. Meanwhile, MOH is also extending subsidies for the Zika test to all Singaporeans with Zika symptoms for from Wednesday (Sept 7). http://www.todayonline.com/isolation-not-needed-zika-cases-subsidies-for-those-with-symptoms

Zika Researchers Work to Crack Virus’s Genetic Secrets Scientists in Brazil race to compile more data on how the deadly virus evolves before outbreaks worsen ENLARGE Scientists in Natal, Brazil, examine Aedes aegypti mosquitoes under a microscope with the help of a reference guide, in an effort to learn more about the Zika virus.PHOTO: RICARDO FUNARI/BRAZILPHOTOS By DANIELA HERNANDEZ Sept. 5, 2016 5:30 a.m. ET 1 COMMENTS In June, a group of international researchers embarked on a Zika-hunting mission in Brazil, where the virus has infected tens of thousands of people and caused a dramatic rise in birth defects. They collected 2,000 samples from people around northeastern Brazil to better understand Zika’s genetics. “What we know about Zika virus evolution is almost nothing,” said Marcio Nunes, one of the scientists leading the genetic-sleuthing expedition and the director of the Evandro Chagas Institute’s genetic core in Brazil. As Zika continues its rapid spread across the Americas and into the U.S., scientists like Dr. Nunes are racing to answer a puzzling question: Is the virus evolving in ways that make it more dangerous? ENLARGE A Brazilian researcher collects Aedes aegypti mosquitos—one type of bug that transmits Zika—in Dunas Park in Natal, Brazil. PHOTO: RICARDO FUNARI/BRAZILPHOTOS Viruses are packaged strands of genetic material that, once inside cells, get copied over and over. With each replication, the virus can change slightly. Most of the time these changes are benign, but sometimes they can help it infect its hosts more easily or cause new types of health problems. Several studies suggest Zika’s genome—its repertoire of genes—is relatively stable, but there is some early evidence that certain genes may be changing—in some cases in ways that could, in theory, help it to replicate more efficiently once inside human cells, prompting researchers to seek more data. Scientists know two main families of Zika exist, the so-called African and Asian lineages. They think the Asian version hopped from French Polynesia to the Americas in recent years. It was first detected in Brazil in 2015, but scientists think the virus may have made its way there as early as 2013, perhaps during the Confederations Cup soccer tournament. One study suggests Zika has been in Haiti since 2014. To date, there are few full Zika genomes available to study. The U.S. public genome repository contains just 69. Dr. Nunes and his colleagues say their Brazilian road trip, dubbed ZiBra—short for Zika in Brazil Real Time Analysis—yielded roughly 60 new full genomes and about a hundred partial ones. The goal is to sequence hundreds more. Some experts say that from what little data are available, it appears that the genetic changes scientists are now detecting are probably just part of Zika’s normal life cycle. So-called RNA viruses, like Zika, are especially prone to changing because they have no way of checking for mistakes when they copy themselves. Most errors don’t affect virulence. Changes can also be detrimental to viral survival so they are weeded out because the viruses that have them don’t reproduce as effectively. “This is a natural process. It’s not particularly alarming or scary. [But] it’s something we monitor,” said Ann Powers, a virologist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s diseases branch in Fort Collins, Colo. “We’ve not seen anything that would suggest there’s a substantial change.” ENLARGE Bruna do Nascimento, left, and Marcio Nunes, two Zika researchers from Brazil's Evandro Chagas Institute, capture Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in an infested dump in Natal, Brazil. PHOTO: RICARDO FUNARI/BRAZILPHOTOS The slight tweaks, several scientists say, appear random, which is encouraging. It would be more worrisome, for instance, if they clumped in one particular gene. Also, Zika isn’t actually well-suited to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, one of its primary modes of transmission, according to Paolo Zanotto, a Zika expert at the University of São Paulo. The vector insect creates a powerful evolutionary filter that keeps the virus pretty stable as it ferries it from one human host to the next. “The mosquito resets the virus” to its current form, Dr. Zanotto said. If Zika starts to pass directly from person to person more frequently, through sex for example, that could potentially allow it to change more rapidly, he said. Right now, “the virus has to negotiate two distinct systems, human and invertebrate, that combined could impose different types of constraints to viral-genetic variation.” Still, many questions remain. Zika was always regarded as “mild and weak,” said Dr. Zanotto. “How did it turn into a monster?” One possibility is that past Zika outbreaks in Asia or Africa just weren’t large enough to produce the noticeable effects public-health workers are seeing in the Americas—or that over time, people in Asia and Africa have built up an immunity to the virus that those in countries like Brazil just don’t have. The recent outbreak in Singapore may put that theory to the test. To get more answers, researchers need to test the virulence of different Zika strains using cells or animal models, not just through genetic analyses, viral-genetics experts said. Scientists could, for instance, make tweaks in the virus they suspect might increase virulence and test if those changes, in fact, have that effect under controlled conditions in a lab, the viral geneticists said. “These informatics need to be backed up by experimental work,” said Scott Weaver, the director of the Institute for Human Infections and Immunity at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. “We’re not at the point yet where anyone’s got any good data [on that].” Part of the problem is the shortage of good animal models for how the pathogen infects cells to cause disease, several researchers said. It will also be important to get access to strains from different parts of the world, virologists said, otherwise much of its genetic history could remain fuzzy. The host’s genetics might also matter. For instance, could some people’s immune systems be better equipped to fight off the virus? Dr. Nunes and the ZiBra crew are planning to test the genes of Brazilians infected with Zika to see if they can tease out any differences that might account for why some people get sick and others don’t. The data will be publicly available so that researchers with access to strains from other parts of the world can make comparisons. The team is also planning on embarking on another scientific excursion in January as mosquito season ramps up, this time in Brazilian states in the south. They want to better understand Zika and how it causes disease. “We really don’t know what’s going on with the virus,” he said. Write to Daniela Hernandez at [email protected] http://www.wsj.com/articles/zika-researchers-work-to-crack-viruss-genetic-secrets-1473067800

Joint MOH-NEA Statement (5 Sep) Tags: News Highlights Joint MOH-NEA statement (5 September) As of 12pm, 5 September, MOH has confirmed 16 new cases of locally transmitted Zika virus infection in Singapore. Of these, 11 cases are linked to the Aljunied Crescent/ Sims Drive/ Kallang Way/ Paya Lebar Way cluster. One case is linked to the Joo Seng Road cluster. The other four cases have no known links to any existing cluster. Vector Control Update NEA has been continuing with vector control operations and outreach efforts in Aljunied Crescent / Sims Drive / Paya Lebar Way / Kallang Way. NEA has also expanded operations and outreach efforts at the periphery of this cluster at Circuit Road and Geylang East Way. As of 4 September, 63 breeding habitats – comprising 37 in homes and 26 in common areas/other premises – have been detected and destroyed. NEA is continuing with vector control operations and outreach efforts in Bedok North Avenue. As of 4 September, 52 breeding habitats – comprising 42 in homes and 10 in common areas/other premises – have been detected and destroyed. Mosquito control measures are ongoing. Vector control operations and outreach efforts at Joo Seng Road are ongoing. No breeding habitats have been detected thus far. https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/pressRoom/pressRoomItemRelease/2016/joint-moh-nea-statement--5-sep-.html

Joint MOH-NEA media statement (4 Sep 2016) Tags: News Highlights 1. As of 12pm, 4 September, MOH has confirmed 27 new cases of locally transmitted Zika virus infection in Singapore. Of these, 25 cases are linked to the Aljunied Crescent/ Sims Drive/ Kallang Way/ Paya Lebar Way cluster. 2. There is a potential new cluster involving one previously reported case and a new case today. They both live in the Joo Seng Road area. The other new case has no known links to any existing cluster. Vector Control Update 3. NEA has been continuing with vector control operations to control theAedes mosquito population in Aljunied Crescent/ Sims Drive/ Kallang Way/ Paya Lebar Way. As of 3 September, 62 breeding habitats – comprising 36 in homes and 26 in common areas/other premises – have been detected and destroyed. NEA officers and volunteers are also continuing with outreach efforts in Paya Lebar Way and Kallang Way. 4. NEA is continuing with vector control operations and outreach efforts in Bedok North Avenue. As of 3 September, 39 breeding habitats – comprising 29 in homes and 10 in common areas/other premises – have been detected and destroyed. Mosquito control measures are ongoing. 5. NEA will be carrying out vector control operations and outreach efforts at Joo Seng Road. https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/pressRoom/pressRoomItemRelease/2016/joint-moh-nea-media-statement--4-sep-2016-.html

Officials: 6 more local Zika infections in Miami Beach Posted: September 3, 2016 - 9:33pm | Updated: September 4, 2016 - 12:10am By DANIEL CHANG AND JOEY FLECHAS The Miami Herald Miami Beach officials on Friday reported six new local Zika infections linked to their city, announcing the news through social media. The Florida Department of Health typically announces new cases, but state offices in Tallahassee were closed due to Hurricane Hermine. The department confirmed the cases late Friday. Commissioner Michael Grieco first announced the news via Facebook on Friday afternoon, posting a message along with a photo of a resolution he drafted opposing aerial spraying of pesticides in Miami Beach to control mosquitoes that spread Zika. Grieco said he posted the note to “get information out as quickly and clearly as possible so people are informed,” adding that he doesn’t post unless it’s important. “I don’t tell people about puppy dogs and ice cream,” he said. The state health department has previously reported at least six other cases linked to Miami Beach. Gov. Rick Scott declared a public health emergency for Zika in February for affected counties. On Thursday, the state’s Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services reported that mosquitoes trapped on South Beach had tested positive for Zika — the first conclusive proof that insects in the U.S. are carrying the virus. The finding verified what health officials have known since at least July 29, when they identified a 1-square-mile section of Miami’s Wynwood neighborhood as the first in the nation where mosquitoes were spreading Zika. A second area with active spread of the disease was identified on Aug. 19, when health officials said mosquitoes were transmitting the virus in a 1.5-square-mile section of Miami Beach. The agriculture department said Zika-positive mosquitoes were found in three traps located in the area of Miami Beach where the virus is spreading, but they identified only one place: the Miami Beach Botanical Garden, which closed on Monday. State officials have refused to identify the other two locations in Miami Beach where mosquitoes tested positive for Zika, citing a statutory exemption for epidemiological investigations. In response to the finding of Zika-positive mosquitoes, the governor issued a press release stating that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had recommended aerial spraying on Miami Beach by helicopter — something Grieco said he and his constituents strongly oppose. http://staugustine.com/news/florida-news/2016-09-03/officials-6-more-local-zika-infections-miami-beach#

Potential new Zika cluster in Joo Seng; total number of cases up to 242 TODAY file photo. mail print View all comments PUBLISHED: 7:07 PM, SEPTEMBER 4, 2016 SINGAPORE — A new potential Zika cluster in the Joo Seng Road area has been identified, in the latest update from the Ministry of Health (MOH) on Sunday (Sept 4). MOH also reported twenty-seven new cases of locally transmitted Zika virus infection here as of noon on Sunday, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 242. Of these, 25 cases are linked to the Aljunied Crescent/ Sims Drive/ Kallang Way/ Paya Lebar Way cluster. One has no known links to any existing cluster, and the other new case lives in the Joo Seng Road area. There had been a previously reported case who also lives in the Joo Seng Road area, prompting MOH to identify it as a potential new cluster. The National Environment Agency (NEA) said it would carry out vector control operations and outreach efforts at Joo Seng Road. Meanwhile, the National Environment Agency (NEA) has been continuing with vector control operations to control the Aedes mosquito population in Aljunied Crescent, Sims Drive, Kallang Way and Paya Lebar Way, where, as of Saturday, 62 breeding habitats – comprising 36 in homes and 26 in common areas and other premises – had been detected and destroyed. The NEA’s vector control operations and outreach efforts in Bedok North Avenue turned up 39 breeding habitats there as of Saturday – comprising 29 in homes and 10 in common areas and other premises. These have been destroyed. The Aedes mosquito-borne Zika, which has been detected in 67 countries and territories including hard-hit Brazil, causes only mild symptoms for most people such as fever and a rash. But pregnant women who are infected can give birth to babies with microcephaly, a deformation marked by abnormally small brains and heads. http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/potential-new-zika-cluster-joo-seng-total-number-cases-242

Joint MOH-NEA Statement (3 Sep) Tags: News Highlights As of 12pm, 3 September, MOH has confirmed 26 new cases of locally transmitted Zika virus infection in Singapore. Of these, 24 cases are linked to the Aljunied Crescent/ Sims Drive/ Kallang Way/ Paya Lebar Way cluster. Two cases have no known links to any existing cluster. 2. The National Public Health Laboratory has worked with A*STAR’s Bioinformatics Institute to complete the sequencing analysis of the Zika virus found in two patients from the Aljunied Crescent/ Sims Drive cluster. The analysis found that the virus belongs to the Asian lineage and likely evolved from the strain that was already circulating in Southeast Asia. The virus from these two patients was not imported from South America. The research team will release more details shortly. Vector Control Update 3. NEA has been continuing with vector control operations to control the Aedes mosquito population in Aljunied Crescent / Sims Drive / Paya Lebar Way / Kallang Way. As of 2 September, 57 breeding habitats – comprising 32 in homes and 25 in common areas/other premises – have been detected and destroyed. NEA officers and grassroots volunteers are also continuing with outreach in Paya Lebar Way and Kallang Way. 4. NEA has also conducted vector control operations and outreach efforts in Bedok North Avenue. As of 2 September, 26 breeding habitats – comprising 17 in homes and 9 in common areas/other premises – have been detected and destroyed. Mosquito control measures are ongoing. NEA officers are continuing with outreach in this cluster as well. 5. In these two cluster areas, indoor spraying of insecticides, outdoor fogging, and oiling and flushing of drains are continuing. In such areas with active transmission, outdoor fogging and indoor spraying and misting are both necessary because there may be infected adult mosquitoes in both outdoor and indoor areas that need to be destroyed before they bite and infect more people. These methods are, however, only effective if the insecticide has direct contact with the mosquitoes, and thus have to be repeated frequently as new batches of mosquitoes will continue to emerge until all breeding habitats are found and removed. Hence, routine fogging is not a sustainable vector control measure – source reduction is still a more effective and sustainable strategy. 6. For non-cluster areas, the most effective mosquito control measure for keeping mosquito population low is still source reduction, through detecting and removing breeding habitats and killing larvae, as it eliminates the mosquitoes at the most vulnerable stage of their life cycle. This is in line with WHO’s recommendations for vector control. 7. Community outreach activities over these two weekends across the island, including today, are ongoing to urge all residents to join in the collective efforts in the fight against Zika by doing the 5-step Mozzie Wipeout, removing stagnant water and not littering. https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/pressRoom/pressRoomItemRelease/2016/joint-moh-nea-statement--3-sep-.html

Sun Sep 4, 2016 7:53am EDT Singapore confirms 27 more locally transmitted Zika cases A resident shields his nose as pest control officer carry out fogging in the Aljunied Crescent cluster in Singapore, September 3, 2016 in this photo taken by Antara Foto. Antara Foto/MN Kanwa/via REUTERS Singapore authorities on Sunday confirmed 27 more cases of locally transmitted Zika virus infection, bringing the total to 242. Twenty-five new cases were linked to the initial outbreak area, one was linked to a potential new cluster and the remaining new case had no known links to any existing cluster, the Ministry of Health and National Environment Agency said in a joint statement. "There is a potential new cluster involving one previously reported case and a new case today...," the statement said. Zika infections in pregnant women have been shown to cause microcephaly - a severe birth defect in which the head and brain are undersized - as well as other brain abnormalities. The connection between Zika and microcephaly first came to light last fall in Brazil, which has since confirmed more than 1,800 cases of microcephaly. In adults, Zika infections have also been linked to a rare neurological syndrome known as Guillain-Barre, as well as other neurological disorders. The virus was first identified in Uganda in 1947 and was unknown in the Americas until 2014. (Reporting by Masayuki Kitano; Editing by Mark Potter and Stephen Powell) http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-zika-singapore-cases-idUSKCN11A0KR?feedType=RSS&feedName=healthNews&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+reuters%2FhealthNews+(Reuters+Health+News)

Zika Originated in Africa. Why Are We So Sure It’s Harmless There? 362 88 11 Once again, the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. By Cameron Nutt A hospital in Senegal, near Lac Rose. West Africa still needs our help. Beyond Borders Media/Getty Images When Congress returns from its August recess, it will confront the growing consequences of its inaction on Zika: Since it adjourned in July, more than three dozen cases of locally acquired Zika infection have been reported in Florida. (That brings the total number of confirmed cases inthe United States and its territories to nearly 17,000, with most cases in Puerto Rico). The federal government has yet to dedicate any new funds to fighting the virus—no money for prevention, no money for research, no money toward international relief. As of now, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has spent $200 million of the $222 million it had borrowed from other programs to respond to Zika. In the context of ongoing debates about the amount and source of new funding, oneproposal that the House of Representatives’ Committee on Appropriations will consider would offset the costs of an emergency Zika appropriations bill by cutting $107 million previously dedicated to rebuilding health systems across West Africa in the wake of the recent Ebola epidemic. This is a shortsighted move that would likely increase the risks of a recurrent Ebola outbreak and imperil the lives of women and children in the region with the world’s highest maternal and child mortality rates. For that reason alone, this is not the path we should pursue. But there is another reason to reconsider—one that has been overlooked to date: A growing body of evidence suggests the Zika virus is widespread in West Africa, and it may be responsible for an undetected epidemic of microcephaly there. Until recently, it was widely believed that infection with African strains of Zika never resulted in microcephaly or other serious complications, including stillbirths, vision and hearing problems in newborns, and Guillain-Barré syndrome—a transient paralysis often requiring intensive care—in adults. Get Slate in your inbox. Some public health experts argued that given funding shortfalls, no detailed investigations were warranted in Africa because microcephaly had not been reported in association with Zika infection there. That must be because 3.5 percent of the virus’s protein building blocks had changed during evolution from the first strain discovered in Africa to the strain now spreading in Latin America, they suggested,inferring that these changes could have led to greater virulence. But such a conclusion would be premature, as the functional significance of those genetic changes has yet to be specifically investigated. The relationship between the disease and microcephaly has been established in a host of studies published since May in leading scientific journals including Science,Nature, and Cell. Using human brain stem cells and live mice, investigators across Brazil and the United States have repeatedly demonstrated that the Zika virus can infect and kill large proportions of these cells, sharply decreasing the growth rates of important early brain structures. This research helped international health authorities to confirm that Zika infection during early pregnancy is causally linked to microcephaly and other serious birth defects. But they overlooked one critical fact: Seven of these studies used a strain known as MR-766. Named for the captive rhesus monkey (No. 766) from which it was first isolated in Uganda’s Zika Forest in 1947, MR-766 is endemic in Africa. The hope that the strains of Zika found in Africa might not cause microcephaly now seems quite unlikely. How did we get to this point without realizing it? A Brazilian law adopted in May 2015, it turns out, had precluded the sharing of human genetic materials—including blood specimens containing Zika—collected in Brazil with international investigators. Before the law was amended in February, laboratory teams around the globe were therefore forced to work instead with older Zika samples; the most widely available of these was MR-766. None of these teams had explicitly set out to challenge the assumption that African strains could not cause microcephaly, yet taken together, their data reveal that there are likely few major differences between the infectious properties of MR-766 and the Zika strain circulating in Latin America. We know Zika is widespread across most of Africa: Published studies have reported the presence of antibodies against the virus in 25 of the continent’s 54 countries, including Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal, and Mali (where Ebola cases were recorded in 2014 and 2015). Not all of these results are definitive—some of these antibodies could be responding to closely related viruses like dengue and chikungunya, and older tests cannot perfectly distinguish between them. But scientists have specifically isolated the Zika virus from blood samples and mosquitoes in 21 separate studies across the African continent, which is home to 20 species of mosquito capable of carrying Zika. As a recent genetic sequencing study demonstrated, the world’s first documented cases of Zika in an urban setting occurred not in Rio de Janeiro or in Miami, but in Libreville, the capital of the West African nation of Gabon. What’s more, a studypublished in 1982 reported a suspected case of mother-to-child transmission of Zika in that country’s rural southeast. So if African strains of Zika were able to cause microcephaly, why haven’t we heard about it before? Part of the problem is that high infant mortality and weak or absent laboratory systems are the norm in the settings where the virus circulates across the region. Zika is particularly challenging to track because it causes no immediate symptoms in 60–80 percent of those infected. Even in places with more complete health data available, such as French Polynesia, where more than 30,000 people were infected with Zika in 2013, the challenges of detecting rare and unexpected anomalies are clear: Microcephaly was not identified as a possible outcome of infection during pregnancy until much later reviews were performed in 2016 (and might never have been if not for the recent surge in interest in that outbreak). While no systematic studies of Zika’s effects in Africa have been conducted yet, concerning circumstantial evidence from West Africa warrants careful follow-up. In Guinea-Bissau, a coastal nation between Senegal and Guinea, a 1967 survey found that 1 out of every 9 adolescents across the country had antibodies to Zika. Just Thursday, Guinea-Bissau’s Ministry of Health reported multiple clusters of confirmed Zika cases in the region caused by a West African strain. Five cases of microcephaly in the same areas were also reported, though the results of genetic tests to determine whether these infants were infected with the same strain are still pending. Two thousand miles away in western Nigeria, nine antibody studies published over the course of three decades have demonstrated extensive human exposure to the Zika virus. Isolation of the virus had been possible in each of the five studies that has attempted it there. As it happens, the only published cohort study of microcephaly among newborns in an African setting was conducted at a maternity hospital in western Nigeria. Of 3,196 full-term, single-birth infants studied, 340 (10.6 percent) were found to be microcephalic by World Health Organization criteria. That’s much higher than anywhere else: A 2016 study in Pernambuco, Brazil’s most-affected state,reported that 0.4 percent of babies were born with microcephaly. These estimates are subject to different biases and are not directly comparable, but the 25-fold difference is striking. Unfortunately, the world seems to need repeated reminders that the absence of diagnostic capability is not the same as the absence of disease. As the Zika virus’s co-discoverers wrote from Uganda in 1952, “the absence of the recognition of a disease in humans caused by Zika virus does not necessarily mean that the disease is either rare or unimportant.” After all, it was through these same diagnostic deserts that Ebola smoldered unnoticed for years before exploding across West Africa—where it killed more than 11,000 people—and eventually making its way to the United States. Despite clear warnings from scientists that the virus was circulating in Liberia, Sierra Leone, andGuinea as far back as 1982, nothing was done to combat the risk of an outbreak until the recent epidemic that shook the world. All of this serves to remind us of something Paul Farmer observed of so-called emerging infectious diseases like Zika 20 years ago: “One place for diseases to hide is among poor people, especially when the poor are socially and medically segregated from those whose deaths might be considered more important.” Congressional action to mitigate the danger that Zika poses is long overdue. But financing our efforts at home by taking resources from West Africa’s beleaguered health systems would be both shortsighted and unjust. The costs of inaction in either setting are too high to allow such a choice. Efforts to define and then address the consequences of Zika in Africa are a moral and scientific imperative, and in fact likely deserve new funding of their own. The Zika virus reminds us that microbes and their vectors have little respect for the walls we erect between ourselves. Success against this latest pandemic must mean sustained investments that equip health systems to detect, report, and offer equitable protection against such threats where the risk is greatest—not only where it is most visible. Read more Slate coverage of the Zika virus. http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2016/09/zika_started_in_sub_saharan_africa_and_it_may_be_as_harmful_to_that_region.html

In Guinea-Bissau, the gene sequencing results of the four confirmed Zika cases sent in July have preliminarily confirmed that the cases are of the African lineage, i.e., not the predominant global outbreak Asian lineage. The investigation of five reported cases of microcephaly is ongoing. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/249597/1/zikasitrep1Sept16-eng.pdf

In Guinea-Bissau, the gene sequencing results of the four confirmed Zika cases sent in July have preliminarily confirmed that the cases are of the African lineage, i.e., not the predominant global outbreak Asian lineage. The investigation of five reported cases of microcephaly is ongoing. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/249597/1/zikasitrep1Sept16-eng.pdf

Two cases of microcephaly have been reported in the Western region of Gabu in Guinea-Bissau. The family members of the two children with microcephaly have not travelled outside Guinea-Bissau. The investigations regarding these two cases are ongoing. Trainings for regional health staff on the Zika case definition and other areas are planned to help ensure that cases are detected efficiently and effectively. http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/situation-report/11-august-2016/en/

Common marmoset From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Common marmoset[1][2] Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[3] Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Callitrichidae Genus: Callithrix Species: C. jacchus Binomial name Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758)[4] Geographic range Synonyms albicollis Spix, 1823 communis South, 1845 hapale Gray, 1870 leucotis Lesson, 1840 moschatus Kerr, 1792 rufus Fischer, 1829 vulgaris Humboldt, 1812 The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey. It originally lived on the Northeastern coast of Brazil, in the states of Piaui, Paraiba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco,Alagoas and Bahia.[5] Through release (both intentional and unintentional) of captive individuals, it has expanded its range since the 1920s to Southeast Brazil (its first sighting in the wild for Rio de Janeirowas in 1929) and became there an invasive species, raising concerns about genetic pollution of similar species, such as the buffy-tufted marmoset (Callithrix aurita), and predation upon bird nestlings and eggs.[6] The whole-genome sequence of a female common marmoset was published on 20 July 2014.[7] It became the first New World Monkey to have its genome sequenced.[8] Contents [hide] 1Physical description and morphology 2Range and ecology 2.1Diet 3Behavior 3.1Social organization 3.2Reproduction and parenting 3.3Communication 4Status 5Genome 6References 7External links Physical description and morphology[edit] Drawing of a marmoset Common marmosets are very small monkeys with relatively long tails. Males and females are of similar size with males being slightly larger. Males have an average height of 188 mm (7.40 in) and females have an average height of 185 mm (7.28 in). Males weigh 256 g (9.03 oz) on average and females weigh 236 g (8.32 oz) on average.[9] The pelage of the marmoset is multicolored, being sprinkled with brown, grey, and yellow. It also has white ear tufts and the tail is banded.a healthy marmoset Their faces have black across there nose area skin and have a white blaze on the forehead.[10]The coats of infants are brown and yellow coats with the ear tuft developing later. As with other members of the genus Callithrix, the common marmosets have claw-like nails known as tegulaes on most of their fingers. Only their halluxes (big toes) have the flat nails or ungulaes that most other primates have.[11]Marmosets have an arboreal locomotion similar to squirrels. They can hang on to trees vertically and leap between them, as well as run across branches quadrupedally.[9][12] Tegulaes are an adaptation of this type of locomotion. Other Callithrix traits shared include enlarged, chisel-shaped incisors and specialized cecums for their diet.[9] Range and ecology[edit] Common marmosets are native only to east-central Brazil. They have been introduced into other areas and live within the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires, Argentina.[13] Marmosets can be found in a number of forest habitats. They live in Atlantic coastal forests as well as semi-deciduous forests farther inland. They can also inhabit savanna forests and riverine forests.[14] Marmosets are successful in dry secondary forests and edge habitats.[12] Common marmoset has white tufted-ears. Diet[edit] The common marmoset’s claw-like nails, incisor shape, and gut specialization reflect their unique diet which is primarily made of plant exudates and insects. Common marmosets feed on gum, sap, latex, and resin.[12][14] They use their nails to cling to the side of a tree and, with their long lower incisors, chew a hole in the tree.[15] The marmoset will then lick up the exudates or swoop them with the teeth.[16] 20-70% of the marmoset’s feeding behavior is made of eating exudates.[9][15] Exudates provide marmosets with a reliable food source in the marmoset’s seasonal habitat. They rely on these foods particularly between January and April, when fruit is not abundant. A marmoset may visit a tree hole multiple times; including those made by other animals. In addition to exudates, insects also prove an important food source for marmosets, making 24-30% of their feeding time. The small size of the marmoset allows them to subsist on insects, as well as stalking and ambush them.[14] Marmosets will also eat fruits, seeds, flowers, fungi, nectar, snails, lizards, tree frogs, bird eggs, nestlings, and infant mammals.[16] It is possible that marmosets compete for fruit with birds, such as parrots and toucans, and with woolly opossums.[16] Behavior[edit] Social organization[edit] Common marmosets live in stable extended families with only a few members allowed to breed.[17][18] A marmoset group can contain as many as 15 members, but a more typical number is nine.[16] A marmoset family usually contains 1-2 breeding females, a breeding male, their offspring and their adult relatives, be it their parents or siblings.[18] The females in a group tend to be closely related and males less so. Males do not mate with breeding females that they are related to. Marmosets may leave their natal groups when they become adults, in contrast to other primate species who leave at adolescence. Not much is known of the reasons marmosets leave their natal groups.[18] Family groups will fission into new groups when a breeding male dies.[19] Within the family groups, the breeding individuals tend to be more dominant. The breeding male and female tend to share dominance. However, between two breeding females, one is more dominant. In addition, the subordinate female is usually the daughter of the dominant one. For the other members, social rank is based on age.[17] Dominance is maintained though various behaviors, postures and vocalizations and subordinates will groom their superiors.[17] Two marmosets Reproduction and parenting[edit] Common marmosets have a complex mating system. It was thought that they were monogamous, however both polygamy and polyandry have also been observed.[17] Nevertheless, most matings are monogamous. Even in groups with two breeding females, the subordinate female often mates with males from other groups. Subordinate females usually do not give birth to fit offspring.[20]Nevertheless, mating with extra-group males may allow the female to find potential mates in the future. Females that mate successfully but lose their young move to other groups and may gain dominant breeding positions.[20] The breeding individuals in a group need the other members to help raise their young. Thus the pair will behaviorally and physiologically suppress the reproduction of the other members of the group.[21][22] Since these suppressed individuals are likely related to the breeding pair, they have an incentive to care for the young as they share genes with them.[22] In addition, the presence of a related male affects female ovulation. Laboratory studies have shown that female ovulation does not occur when their fathers are around, but does occur when an unrelated male is there instead. They will also display aggressive behavior towards their mothers,[22] possibly to displace them. When conditions are right for them to breed, adult females breed regularly for the rest of their lives. Females flick their tongues at males to solicit mating. The gestation period lasts for five months, and females are ready to breed again around ten days after giving birth. There are five months in between each parturition and they give birth twice a year.[16] Marmosets commonly give birth to two non-identical twins. Because of this, females are under stress during pregnancy and lactation, and need help from the other members of the family.[12][16] Infant marmosets instinctively cling to their mothers back and do not voluntarily let go for the first two weeks. After that, they become very active and explore their environment.[16] The breeding male (likely the father) will begin handling the twins, and all members of the family will care for them.[23] In the following weeks, the young spend less time on their mother’s back and more time moving around and playing.[16] Infants are weaned at three months. At five months they enter their juvenile stage. At this time, they have more interactions with family members other than their parents, and there is rough play for to establish their future status. Another set of infants may be born and the previous young will carry and play with them.[23] Marmosets become sub-adults between nine and 14 months, act like adult and go through puberty. At 15 months, they reach adult size and are sexually mature but can not breed until they are dominant.[23] Communication[edit] Common Marmoset in Zoo Hannover, Germany Common marmosets employ a number of vocal and visual communications. To signal alarm, aggression, and submission, marmosets use the "partial open mouth stare," "frown," and "slit-stare", respectively. To display fear or submission, marmosets flatten their ear-tufts close to their heads.[16] Marmosets have two alarm calls: a series of repeating calls that get higher with each call, known as "staccatos"; and short trickling calls given either intermittently or repeatedly. These are called "tsiks". Marmoset alarm calls tend to be short and high-pitched.[19] Marmosets monitor and locate group members with vibrato-like low-pitched generic calls called "trills".[24] Marmosets also employ "phees" which are whistle-like generic calls. These serve to attract mates, keep groups together, defend territories, and locate missing group members.[24] Marmosets will use scent gland on their chests and anogenital regions to mark objects. These are meant to communicate social and reproductive status.[16] Status[edit] The common marmoset remains an abundant species and are not currently threatened. Nevertheless, its habitat had been degraded at a large rate, with around 67% of the cerrado region cleared for human use in the 1990s and around 80% cleared for cultivation more recently.[25] In addition, marmosets are captured and traded as pets. Though popular as pets, they become difficult to control as they get older and are thus abandoned or killed.[26] Common marmosets have also been used for medical experiments. They are used as such in Europe more so than in the United States, and are the most common non-human primates to be experimented on.[27] They are used as model organisms in areas of research such as teratology, periodontal disease, reproduction, immunology, endocrinology, obesity, and aging.[27][28] Genome[edit] The genome of a female marmoset was published in 2014. It became the first non-human primate, among the New World Monkeys, to have its complete genome sequenced.[8] The genome size is 2.26 Gb, and contains 21,168 genes.[7] Segmental duplications added a total of 138 Mb of non-redundant sequences (4.7% of the whole genome), slightly less than observed in human[29][30] or chimpanzee (~5%),[31] but more than in orangutan (3.8%).[32] References[edit] Jump up^ Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 131.OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. Jump up^ Rylands AB & Mittermeier RA (2009). "The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini)". In Garber PA, Estrada A, Bicca-Marques JC, Heymann EW & Strier KB. South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Springer. pp. 23–54. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6. Jump up^ Rylands, A. B., Mittermeier, R. A., Oliveira, M. M. & Keirulff, M. C. M. (2008). Callithrix jacchus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2 January 2009. Jump up^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema naturæ. Regnum animale. (10 ed.). pp. 27, 28. Retrieved 19 November 2012. Jump up^ Macdonald, David (Editor) (1985). Primates. All the World's Animals. Torstar Books. p. 50. ISBN 0-920269-74-5. Jump up^ Brandão, Tulio Afflalo (December 2006). "BRA-88: Micos-estrelas dominam selva urbana carioca" (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro. 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Primate Info Net. Retrieved 10 April 2009. View the Marmoset genome in Ensembl. [show] v t e Extant species of family Callitrichidae Categories: IUCN Red List least concern species Mammals of Brazil Callitrichidae Animals described in 1758 Primates of South America Endemic fauna of Brazil

Sequences producing significant alignments: Select:AllNone Selected:0 AlignmentsDownloadGenBankGraphicsDistance tree of resultsShow/hide columns of the table presenting sequences producing significant alignments Sequences producing significant alignments: Select for downloading or viewing reports Description Max score Total score Query cover E value Ident Accession Select seq gb|KX162586.1| Zika virus isolate bruspCE63_15 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX162586.1 Select seq gb|KX162585.1| Zika virus isolate bruspCE08_15 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX162585.1 Select seq gb|KJ776791.2| Zika virus strain H/PF/2013, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KJ776791.2 Select seq gb|KU820897.5| Zika virus isolate FLR polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU820897.5 Select seq gb|KX766029.1| Zika virus isolate R116265, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX766029.1 Select seq gb|KX766028.1| Zika virus isolate R114916, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX766028.1 Select seq gb|KX702400.1| Zika virus strain Zika virus/Homo sapiens/VEN/UF-1/2016, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX702400.1 Select seq gb|KX694534.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/HND/R103451/2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX694534.1 Select seq gb|KX673530.1| Zika virus isolate PHE_semen_Guadeloupe, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX673530.1 Select seq gb|KX447521.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0080_PF polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447521.1 Select seq gb|KX447520.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0016_PF polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447520.1 Select seq gb|KX447519.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0199_PF polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447519.1 Select seq gb|KX447518.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0117_PF polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447518.1 Select seq gb|KX447517.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0038_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447517.1 Select seq gb|KX447516.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0111_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447516.1 Select seq gb|KX447515.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0030_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447515.1 Select seq gb|KX447514.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0035_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447514.1 Select seq gb|KX447513.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0134_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447513.1 Select seq gb|KX447512.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0181_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447512.1 Select seq gb|KX447511.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0015_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447511.1 Select seq gb|KX447510.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0049_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447510.1 Select seq gb|KX447509.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0087_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX447509.1 Select seq gb|KX266255.1| Zika virus isolate ZIKV_SMGC-1, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX266255.1 Select seq gb|KX601168.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo Sapiens/PRI/PRVABC59/2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX601168.1 Select seq gb|KX576684.1| Zika virus vector pZIKV-ICD, complete sequence 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX576684.1 Select seq gb|KX548902.1| Zika virus isolate ZIKV/COL/FCC00093/2015 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX548902.1 Select seq gb|KX520666.1| Zika virus isolate HS-2015-BA-01 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX520666.1 Select seq gb|KX369547.1| Zika virus strain PF13/251013-18, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX369547.1 Select seq gb|KX377337.1| Zika virus strain PRVABC-59, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX377337.1 Select seq gb|KU866423.2| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/SZ01/2016/China polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU866423.2 Select seq gb|KU758877.1| Zika virus isolate 17271 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758877.1 Select seq gb|KU758876.1| Zika virus isolate 21068 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758876.1 Select seq gb|KU758875.1| Zika virus isolate 15042 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758875.1 Select seq gb|KU758874.1| Zika virus isolate 20114 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758874.1 Select seq gb|KU758873.1| Zika virus isolate 18246 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758873.1 Select seq gb|KU758872.1| Zika virus isolate 01170 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758872.1 Select seq gb|KU758871.1| Zika virus isolate 17170 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758871.1 Select seq gb|KU758870.1| Zika virus isolate 17160 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758870.1 Select seq gb|KU758869.1| Zika virus isolate 05211 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758869.1 Select seq gb|KU758868.1| Zika virus isolate 27229 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU758868.1 Select seq gb|KX280026.1| Zika virus isolate Paraiba_01, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX280026.1 Select seq gb|KX262887.1| Zika virus isolate 103451, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX262887.1 Select seq gb|KX253996.1| Zika virus isolate ZKC2/2016, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX253996.1 Select seq gb|KX247646.1| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/Homo sapiens/COL/UF-1/2016, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX247646.1 Select seq gb|KX247632.1| Zika virus isolate MEX_I_7 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX247632.1 Select seq gb|KX087101.2| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PRI/PRVABC59/2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX087101.2 Select seq gb|KX198135.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PAN/BEI-259634_V4/2016, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX198135.1 Select seq gb|KX197192.1| Zika virus isolate ZIKV/H.sapiens/Brazil/PE243/2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX197192.1 Select seq gb|KX185891.1| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/CN/SZ02/2016 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX185891.1 Select seq gb|KU937936.1| Zika virus isolate ZIKVNL00013 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU937936.1 Select seq gb|KX156776.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PAN/CDC-259364_V1-V2/2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX156776.1 Select seq gb|KX156775.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PAN/CDC-259249_V1-V3/2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX156775.1 Select seq gb|KX156774.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PAN/CDC-259359_V1-V3/2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX156774.1 Select seq gb|KX101060.1| Zika virus isolate Bahia02, partial genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX101060.1 Select seq gb|KX117076.1| Zika virus isolate Zhejiang04, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX117076.1 Select seq gb|KX087102.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/COL/FLR/2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX087102.1 Select seq gb|KX051563.1| Zika virus isolate Haiti/1/2016, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX051563.1 Select seq gb|KX056898.1| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/GZ02/2016 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KX056898.1 Select seq gb|KU509998.3| Zika virus strain Haiti/1225/2014, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU509998.3 Select seq gb|KU963796.1| Zika virus isolate SZ-WIV01 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU963796.1 Select seq gb|KU991811.1| Zika virus isolate Brazil/2016/INMI1 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU991811.1 Select seq gb|KU940228.1| Zika virus isolate Bahia07, partial genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU940228.1 Select seq gb|KU940227.1| Zika virus isolate Bahia08, partial genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU940227.1 Select seq gb|KU940224.1| Zika virus isolate Bahia09, partial genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU940224.1 Select seq gb|KU955593.1| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/H.sapiens-tc/KHM/2010/FSS13025, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU955593.1 Select seq gb|KU955590.1| Zika virus isolate Z16019 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU955590.1 Select seq gb|KU955589.1| Zika virus isolate Z16006 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU955589.1 Select seq gb|KU870645.1| Zika virus isolate FB-GWUH-2016, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU870645.1 Select seq gb|KU926310.1| Zika virus isolate Rio-S1, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU926310.1 Select seq gb|KU926309.1| Zika virus isolate Rio-U1, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU926309.1 Select seq gb|KU922960.1| Zika virus isolate MEX/InDRE/Sm/2016, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU922960.1 Select seq gb|KU820898.1| Zika virus isolate GZ01 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU820898.1 Select seq gb|KU740184.2| Zika virus isolate GD01 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU740184.2 Select seq gb|KU853013.1| Zika virus isolate Dominican Republic/2016/PD2, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU853013.1 Select seq gb|KU853012.1| Zika virus isolate Dominican Republic/2016/PD1, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU853012.1 Select seq gb|KU820899.2| Zika virus isolate ZJ03, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU820899.2 Select seq gb|KU729217.2| Zika virus isolate BeH823339 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU729217.2 Select seq gb|KU729218.1| Zika virus isolate BeH828305 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU729218.1 Select seq gb|KU761564.1| Zika virus isolate GDZ16001 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU761564.1 Select seq gb|KU744693.1| Zika virus isolate VE_Ganxian, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU744693.1 Select seq gb|KU497555.1| Zika virus isolate Brazil-ZKV2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU497555.1 Select seq gb|KU527068.1| Zika virus strain Natal RGN, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU527068.1 Select seq gb|KU686218.1| Zika virus isolate MEX/InDRE/14/2015 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU686218.1 Select seq gb|KU647676.1| Zika virus strain MRS_OPY_Martinique_PaRi_2015 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU647676.1 Select seq gb|KU501217.1| Zika virus strain 8375 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU501217.1 Select seq gb|KU501216.1| Zika virus strain 103344 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU501216.1 Select seq gb|KU501215.1| Zika virus strain PRVABC59, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU501215.1 Select seq gb|KU365778.1| Zika virus strain BeH819015 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU365778.1 Select seq gb|KU312314.1| Zika virus isolate Z1106031 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU312314.1 Select seq gb|KU312313.1| Zika virus isolate Z1106032 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU312313.1 Select seq gb|KU312312.1| Zika virus isolate Z1106033 polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU312312.1 Select seq gb|KU321639.1| Zika virus strain ZikaSPH2015, complete genome 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% KU321639.1 Select seq dbj|AB908162.1| Zika virus gene for polyprotein, partial cds, strain: ZIKV Hu/Tahiti/01u/2014NIID 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% AB908162.1 Select seq gb|JN860885.1| Zika virus isolate FSS13025 polyprotein gene, partial cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% JN860885.1 Select seq gb|EU545988.1| Zika virus polyprotein gene, complete cds 172 172 100% 7e-40 100% EU545988.1 Select seq gb|KU681082.3| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/H.sapiens-tc/PHL/2012/CPC-0740, complete genome 171 171 98% 3e-39 100% KU681082.3 Select seq gb|KU707826.1| Zika virus isolate SSABR1, complete genome 171 171 98% 3e-39 100% KU707826.1 Select seq gb|KU365780.1| Zika virus strain BeH815744 polyprotein gene, complete cds 171 171 98% 3e-39 100% KU365780.1 Select seq gb|KU365779.1| Zika virus strain BeH819966 polyprotein gene, complete cds 171 171 98% 3e-39 100% KU365779.1 Select seq gb|KU365777.1| Zika virus strain BeH818995 polyprotein gene, complete cds 171 171 98% 3e-39 100% KU365777.1

LOCUS KX162586 93 bp cRNA linear VRL 31-AUG-2016 DEFINITION Zika virus isolate bruspCE63_15 polyprotein gene, partial cds. ACCESSION KX162586 VERSION KX162586.1 GI:1024848171 KEYWORDS . SOURCE Zika virus ORGANISM Zika virus Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 93) AUTHORS Favoretto,S., Araujo,D., Oliveira,D., Duarte,N., Mesquita,F., Zanotto,P. and Durigon,E. TITLE First detection of Zika virus in neotropical primates in Brazil: a possible new reservoir JOURNAL Unpublished REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 93) AUTHORS Oliveira,D., Favoretto,S., Araujo,D., Mesquita,F. and Durigon,E. TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (29-APR-2016) Microbiology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508900, Brazil COMMENT ##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END## FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..93 /organism="Zika virus" /mol_type="viral cRNA" /isolate="bruspCE63_15" /host="Callithrix jacchus" /db_xref="taxon:64320" /country="Brazil" /collection_date="24-Nov-2015" CDS <1..>93 /codon_start=1 /product="polyprotein" /protein_id="ANC28274.1" /db_xref="GI:1024848172" /translation="LVMILLIAPAYSIRCIGVSNRDFVEGMSGGT" ORIGIN 1 ttggtcatga tactgctgat tgccccggca tacagcatca ggtgcatagg agtcagcaat 61 agggactttg tggaaggtat gtcaggtggg act

LOCUS KX162586 93 bp cRNA linear VRL 31-AUG-2016 DEFINITION Zika virus isolate bruspCE63_15 polyprotein gene, partial cds. ACCESSION KX162586 VERSION KX162586.1 GI:1024848171 KEYWORDS . SOURCE Zika virus ORGANISM Zika virus Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 93) AUTHORS Favoretto,S., Araujo,D., Oliveira,D., Duarte,N., Mesquita,F., Zanotto,P. and Durigon,E. TITLE First detection of Zika virus in neotropical primates in Brazil: a possible new reservoir JOURNAL Unpublished REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 93) AUTHORS Oliveira,D., Favoretto,S., Araujo,D., Mesquita,F. and Durigon,E. TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (29-APR-2016) Microbiology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508900, Brazil COMMENT ##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END## FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..93 /organism="Zika virus" /mol_type="viral cRNA" /isolate="bruspCE63_15" /host="Callithrix jacchus" /db_xref="taxon:64320" /country="Brazil" /collection_date="24-Nov-2015"

Black-striped capuchin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Black-striped capuchin[1] Adult female and juvenile Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[2] Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Cebidae Genus: Sapajus Species: S. libidinosus Binomial name Sapajus libidinosus Spix, 1823 Range of S. libidinosus, excluding the subspecies cay and juruanus Synonyms Cebus libidinosus The black-striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus), also known as the bearded capuchin,[2] is acapuchin monkey from South America. It was the first non-ape primate in which tool usage was documented in the wild, as individuals have been seen cracking nuts by placing them on a stone "anvil" while hitting them with another large stone.[3] Adaptations to carrying large stones and fruit include strengthened back and leg muscles that permit the monkey to walk on its hind legs while carrying stones.[4] The black-striped capuchin has traditionally been considered a subspecies of the tufted capuchin.[1] On the contrary, the southern population here included in S. libidinosus has sometimes been considered another species, Azaras's capuchin (S. cay) (syn. S. paraguayanus).[5] The black-striped capuchin is found in the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Pantanal of Brazil.[2] Some confusion surrounds the taxon juruanus, here included as a subspecies of the black-striped capuchin.[2] It has been considered to occur from the upper Juruá River east and south to Mato Grosso,[6] or alternatively entirely restricted to the region near the upper Juruá River.[7] In the latter case, its range would be surrounded by C. apella, leading to doubts over its true taxonomic status.[8] Groves (2005) recognizes four subspecies:[1] Cebus libidinosus libidinosus Cebus libidinosus pallidus Cebus libidinosus paraguayanus Cebus libidinosus juruanus In 2011, Jessica Lynch Alfaro et al. proposed that the robust capuchins such (formerly the C. apellagroup) be placed in a separate genus, Sapajus, from the gracile capuchins (formerly the C. capucinusgroup), which retain the genus Cebus.[9][10] References[edit] ^ Jump up to:a b c Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 137.OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Rylands, A.B.; Kierulff, M.C.M. (2015). "Sapajus libidinosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.IUCN. 2015: e.T136346A70613080. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T136346A70613080.en. Jump up^ Fragaszy D.; Izar P.; Visalberghi E.; Ottoni E. B.; Gomes, de Oliveira M. (2004). "Wild Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) Use Anvils and Stone Pounding Tools". American Journal of Primatology. 64: 359–366.doi:10.1002/ajp.20085. PMID 15580579. Jump up^ "Brazil's Cerrado". Mutant Planet. 2012-08-11. Science Channel. Jump up^ Wallace, R.B. (2015). "Sapajus cay". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2015: e.T136366A70612036. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T136366A70612036.en. Jump up^ Groves, C. (2001). Primate Taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1-56098-872-X Jump up^ Fragaszy D., Visalberghi E., & Fedigan, L. (2004). The complete capuchin. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-66116-1 Jump up^ Rylands, A.B.; Boubli, J.-P.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Wallace, R.B.; Ceballos-Mago, N. (2015). "Sapajus apella".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2015: e.T39949A70610943. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T39949A70610943.en. Jump up^ Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; et al. (2011). "Explosive Pleistocene range expansion leads to widespread Amazonian sympatry between robust and gracile capuchin monkeys" (PDF). Journal of Biogeography. 39: 272–288.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02609.x. Jump up^ Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; Silva, j. & Rylands, A.B. (2012). "How Different Are Robust and Gracile Capuchin Monkeys? An Argument for the Use of Sapajus and Cebus". American Journal of Primatology: 1–14.doi:10.1002/ajp.222007. Wikispecies has information related to: Black-striped Capuchin [show] v t e Extant species of family Cebidae Categories: IUCN Red List least concern species Mammals of Brazil Mammals of Argentina Capuchin monkeys Animals described in 1823 Primates of South America

Sequences producing significant alignments: Select:AllNone Selected:0 AlignmentsDownloadGenBankGraphicsDistance tree of resultsShow/hide columns of the table presenting sequences producing significant alignments Sequences producing significant alignments: Select for downloading or viewing reports Description Max score Total score Query cover E value Ident Accession Select seq gb|KX766028.1| Zika virus isolate R114916, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX766028.1 Select seq gb|KX694534.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/HND/R103451/2015, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX694534.1 Select seq gb|KX447520.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0016_PF polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX447520.1 Select seq gb|KX447519.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0199_PF polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX447519.1 Select seq gb|KX447518.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0117_PF polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX447518.1 Select seq gb|KX447513.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0134_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX447513.1 Select seq gb|KX447512.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0181_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX447512.1 Select seq gb|KX447511.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0015_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX447511.1 Select seq gb|KX447510.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0049_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX447510.1 Select seq gb|KX576684.1| Zika virus vector pZIKV-ICD, complete sequence 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX576684.1 Select seq gb|KX548902.1| Zika virus isolate ZIKV/COL/FCC00093/2015 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX548902.1 Select seq gb|KX520666.1| Zika virus isolate HS-2015-BA-01 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX520666.1 Select seq gb|KX369547.1| Zika virus strain PF13/251013-18, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX369547.1 Select seq gb|KU758877.1| Zika virus isolate 17271 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU758877.1 Select seq gb|KU758876.1| Zika virus isolate 21068 polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU758876.1 Select seq gb|KU758875.1| Zika virus isolate 15042 polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU758875.1 Select seq gb|KU758874.1| Zika virus isolate 20114 polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU758874.1 Select seq gb|KU758871.1| Zika virus isolate 17170 polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU758871.1 Select seq gb|KU758870.1| Zika virus isolate 17160 polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU758870.1 Select seq gb|KU758869.1| Zika virus isolate 05211 polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU758869.1 Select seq gb|KU758868.1| Zika virus isolate 27229 polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU758868.1 Select seq gb|KX280026.1| Zika virus isolate Paraiba_01, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX280026.1 Select seq gb|KX262887.1| Zika virus isolate 103451, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX262887.1 Select seq gb|KX198135.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PAN/BEI-259634_V4/2016, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX198135.1 Select seq gb|KU937936.1| Zika virus isolate ZIKVNL00013 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU937936.1 Select seq gb|KX101060.1| Zika virus isolate Bahia02, partial genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX101060.1 Select seq gb|KX051563.1| Zika virus isolate Haiti/1/2016, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KX051563.1 Select seq gb|KU509998.3| Zika virus strain Haiti/1225/2014, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU509998.3 Select seq gb|KU940228.1| Zika virus isolate Bahia07, partial genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU940228.1 Select seq gb|KU940224.1| Zika virus isolate Bahia09, partial genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU940224.1 Select seq gb|KU870645.1| Zika virus isolate FB-GWUH-2016, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU870645.1 Select seq gb|KU926310.1| Zika virus isolate Rio-S1, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU926310.1 Select seq gb|KU922960.1| Zika virus isolate MEX/InDRE/Sm/2016, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU922960.1 Select seq gb|KU820898.1| Zika virus isolate GZ01 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU820898.1 Select seq gb|KU740184.2| Zika virus isolate GD01 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU740184.2 Select seq gb|KU853013.1| Zika virus isolate Dominican Republic/2016/PD2, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU853013.1 Select seq gb|KU853012.1| Zika virus isolate Dominican Republic/2016/PD1, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU853012.1 Select seq gb|KU729218.1| Zika virus isolate BeH828305 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU729218.1 Select seq gb|KU761564.1| Zika virus isolate GDZ16001 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU761564.1 Select seq gb|KU527068.1| Zika virus strain Natal RGN, complete genome 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU527068.1 Select seq gb|KU647676.1| Zika virus strain MRS_OPY_Martinique_PaRi_2015 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU647676.1 Select seq gb|KU365778.1| Zika virus strain BeH819015 polyprotein gene, complete cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU365778.1 Select seq gb|KU312314.1| Zika virus isolate Z1106031 polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU312314.1 Select seq gb|KU312313.1| Zika virus isolate Z1106032 polyprotein gene, partial cds 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% KU312313.1 Select seq dbj|AB908162.1| Zika virus gene for polyprotein, partial cds, strain: ZIKV Hu/Tahiti/01u/2014NIID 534 534 100% 3e-148 100% AB908162.1 Select seq gb|KU820897.5| Zika virus isolate FLR polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU820897.5 Select seq gb|KX766029.1| Zika virus isolate R116265, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX766029.1 Select seq gb|KX702400.1| Zika virus strain Zika virus/Homo sapiens/VEN/UF-1/2016, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX702400.1 Select seq gb|KX673530.1| Zika virus isolate PHE_semen_Guadeloupe, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX673530.1 Select seq gb|KX447521.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0080_PF polyprotein gene, partial cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX447521.1 Select seq gb|KX447517.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0038_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX447517.1 Select seq gb|KX447516.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0111_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX447516.1 Select seq gb|KX447515.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0030_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX447515.1 Select seq gb|KX447514.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0035_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX447514.1 Select seq gb|KX447509.1| Zika virus isolate 1_0087_PF polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX447509.1 Select seq gb|KX266255.1| Zika virus isolate ZIKV_SMGC-1, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX266255.1 Select seq gb|KX601168.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo Sapiens/PRI/PRVABC59/2015, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX601168.1 Select seq gb|KX377337.1| Zika virus strain PRVABC-59, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX377337.1 Select seq gb|KU866423.2| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/SZ01/2016/China polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU866423.2 Select seq gb|KU758873.1| Zika virus isolate 18246 polyprotein gene, partial cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU758873.1 Select seq gb|KX253996.1| Zika virus isolate ZKC2/2016, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX253996.1 Select seq gb|KX247646.1| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/Homo sapiens/COL/UF-1/2016, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX247646.1 Select seq gb|KX247632.1| Zika virus isolate MEX_I_7 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX247632.1 Select seq gb|KX087101.2| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PRI/PRVABC59/2015, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX087101.2 Select seq gb|KX197192.1| Zika virus isolate ZIKV/H.sapiens/Brazil/PE243/2015, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX197192.1 Select seq gb|KX185891.1| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/CN/SZ02/2016 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX185891.1 Select seq gb|KX173842.1| Zika virus isolate 16Z08 envelope protein gene, partial cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX173842.1 Select seq gb|KX173841.1| Zika virus isolate 16Z11 envelope protein gene, partial cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX173841.1 Select seq gb|KX173840.1| Zika virus isolate 16Z10 envelope protein gene, partial cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX173840.1 Select seq gb|KX156776.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PAN/CDC-259364_V1-V2/2015, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX156776.1 Select seq gb|KX156775.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PAN/CDC-259249_V1-V3/2015, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX156775.1 Select seq gb|KX156774.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/PAN/CDC-259359_V1-V3/2015, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX156774.1 Select seq gb|KX117076.1| Zika virus isolate Zhejiang04, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX117076.1 Select seq gb|KX087102.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Homo sapiens/COL/FLR/2015, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX087102.1 Select seq gb|KX056898.1| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/GZ02/2016 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KX056898.1 Select seq gb|KU963796.1| Zika virus isolate SZ-WIV01 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU963796.1 Select seq gb|KU991811.1| Zika virus isolate Brazil/2016/INMI1 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU991811.1 Select seq gb|KU940227.1| Zika virus isolate Bahia08, partial genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU940227.1 Select seq gb|KU955590.1| Zika virus isolate Z16019 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU955590.1 Select seq gb|KU955589.1| Zika virus isolate Z16006 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU955589.1 Select seq gb|KU926309.1| Zika virus isolate Rio-U1, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU926309.1 Select seq gb|KU922923.1| Zika virus isolate MEX/InDRE/Lm/2016, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU922923.1 Select seq gb|KU820899.2| Zika virus isolate ZJ03, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU820899.2 Select seq gb|KU744693.1| Zika virus isolate VE_Ganxian, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU744693.1 Select seq gb|KU497555.1| Zika virus isolate Brazil-ZKV2015, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU497555.1 Select seq gb|KU707826.1| Zika virus isolate SSABR1, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU707826.1 Select seq gb|KU501217.1| Zika virus strain 8375 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU501217.1 Select seq gb|KU501216.1| Zika virus strain 103344 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU501216.1 Select seq gb|KU501215.1| Zika virus strain PRVABC59, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU501215.1 Select seq gb|KU365780.1| Zika virus strain BeH815744 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU365780.1 Select seq gb|KU365779.1| Zika virus strain BeH819966 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU365779.1 Select seq gb|KU365777.1| Zika virus strain BeH818995 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU365777.1 Select seq gb|KU312312.1| Zika virus isolate Z1106033 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU312312.1 Select seq gb|KU321639.1| Zika virus strain ZikaSPH2015, complete genome 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KU321639.1 Select seq gb|KJ776791.1| Zika virus strain H/PF/2013 polyprotein gene, complete cds 529 529 100% 2e-146 99% KJ776791.1 Select seq gb|KX446951.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Aedes.sp/MEX/MEX_I-7/2016, complete genome 523 523 100% 7e-145 99% KX446951.1 Select seq gb|KX446950.1| Zika virus strain ZIKV/Aedes.sp/MEX/MEX_2-81/2016, complete genome 523 523 100% 7e-145 99% KX446950.1 Select seq gb|KU758872.1| Zika virus isolate 01170 polyprotein gene, partial cds 523 523 100% 7e-145 99% KU758872.1 Select seq gb|KU955593.1| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/H.sapiens-tc/KHM/2010/FSS13025, complete genome 523 523 100% 7e-145 99% KU955593.1 Select seq gb|KU681081.3| Zika virus isolate Zika virus/H.sapiens-tc/THA/2014/SV0127- 14, complete genome 523 523 100% 7e-145 99% KU681081.3

LOCUS KX162585 289 bp cRNA linear VRL 31-AUG-2016 DEFINITION Zika virus isolate bruspCE08_15 polyprotein gene, partial cds. ACCESSION KX162585 VERSION KX162585.1 GI:1024848169 KEYWORDS . SOURCE Zika virus ORGANISM Zika virus Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 289) AUTHORS Favoretto,S., Araujo,D., Oliveira,D., Duarte,N., Mesquita,F., Zanotto,P. and Durigon,E. TITLE First detection of Zika virus in neotropical primates in Brazil: a possible new reservoir JOURNAL Unpublished REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 289) AUTHORS Oliveira,D., Favoretto,S., Araujo,D., Mesquita,F. and Durigon,E. TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (29-APR-2016) Microbiology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508900, Brazil COMMENT ##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END## FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..289 /organism="Zika virus" /mol_type="viral cRNA" /isolate="bruspCE08_15" /host="Sapajus libidinosus" /db_xref="taxon:64320" /country="Brazil" /collection_date="06-Jun-2015" CDS <1..>289 /codon_start=1 /product="polyprotein" /protein_id="ANC28273.1" /db_xref="GI:1024848170" /translation="LVMILLIAPAYSIRCIGVSNRDFVEGMSGGTWVDVVLEHGGCVT VMAQDKPTVDIELVTTTVSNMAEVRSYCYEASISDMASDSRCPTQGEAYLDK" ORIGIN 1 ttggtcatga tactgctgat tgccccggca tacagcatca ggtgcatagg agtcagcaat 61 agggactttg tggaaggtat gtcaggtggg acttgggttg atgttgtctt ggaacatgga 121 ggttgtgtca ccgtaatggc acaggacaaa ccgactgtcg acatagagct ggttacaaca 181 acagtcagca acatggcgga ggtaagatcc tactgctatg aggcatcaat atcagacatg 241 gcttcggaca gccgctgccc aacacaaggt gaagcctacc ttgacaagc

LOCUS KX162585 289 bp cRNA linear VRL 31-AUG-2016 DEFINITION Zika virus isolate bruspCE08_15 polyprotein gene, partial cds. ACCESSION KX162585 VERSION KX162585.1 GI:1024848169 KEYWORDS . SOURCE Zika virus ORGANISM Zika virus Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 289) AUTHORS Favoretto,S., Araujo,D., Oliveira,D., Duarte,N., Mesquita,F., Zanotto,P. and Durigon,E. TITLE First detection of Zika virus in neotropical primates in Brazil: a possible new reservoir JOURNAL Unpublished REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 289) AUTHORS Oliveira,D., Favoretto,S., Araujo,D., Mesquita,F. and Durigon,E. TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (29-APR-2016) Microbiology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508900, Brazil COMMENT ##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END## FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..289 /organism="Zika virus" /mol_type="viral cRNA" /isolate="bruspCE08_15" /host="Sapajus libidinosus" /db_xref="taxon:64320" /country="Brazil" /collection_date="06-Jun-2015" CDS <1..>289

Zika virus: Singapore reports new strain originating in Asia; Malaysia detects first local case Updated about 2 hours ago PHOTO: Scientists say the virus strain in Singapore was not imported from Brazil. (AFP: Yuri Cortez) RELATED STORY: Malaysia confirms first case of Zika RELATED STORY: Pregnant woman in Singapore infected with Zika as cases soar MAP: Singapore Singapore has reported 215 cases of Zika infections, as scientists in the city-state said the virus strain came from within Asia and was not imported from Brazil. Key points: Scientists say the virus evolved from South-East Asia strain and was not imported Malaysia says it expects the number of local transmissions to grow It is urging residents to adopt preventative measures The Ministry of Health and National Environment Agency said in a joint statement on Saturday evening that of the 26 new cases reported on Saturday, 24 were linked to a cluster in the Aljunied district where the country's first locally-transmitted cases were reported. The statement did not say where the other two cases were from. A week after Singapore reported its first case of locally transmitted Zika infection, local scientists say they have completed genetic sequencing of the virus. The Aedes mosquito-borne Zika, which has been detected in 67 countries and territories including hard-hit Brazil, causes only mild symptoms for most people such as fever and a rash. But pregnant women who catch it can give birth to babies with microcephaly, a deformation marked by abnormally small brains and heads. Malaysian man dies in country's first locally transmitted case Meanwhile, the Malaysian health ministry said it has detected the first case of a locally transmitted Zika infection in a 61-year-old man in the state of Sabah. The patient died because of heart-related complications, the ministry said, and was already in fragile health due to heart problems, high blood pressure and other maladies. The patient, whose blood and urine samples tested positive for Zika, did not travel overseas recently and was probably bitten by Aedes mosquito infected with Zika, the ministry said. On Thursday, Malaysia confirmed the first imported case of Zika in a 58-year-old woman who had visited Singapore. The city-state announced the first locally contracted case of Zika last Saturday, and the number of diagnosed infections has grown steadily. Of those infected in Singapore, 11 are Malaysians, the ministry said. Zika virus explained Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, in a rhesus monkey at Uganda's Zika Forest. So what is it, where is it, and how does it spread? The connection between Zika and microcephaly first came to light last year in Brazil, which has since confirmed more than 1,800 cases of microcephaly. In adults, Zika infections have also been linked to a rare neurological syndrome known as Guillain-Barre, as well as other neurological disorders. There is no vaccine or treatment for Zika, which is a close cousin of dengue and chikungunya and causes mild fever, rash and red eyes. An estimated 80 per cent of people infected have no symptoms, making it difficult for pregnant women to know whether they have been infected. AFP/Reuters

Zika virus: Singapore reports new strain originating in Asia; Malaysia detects first local case Updated about 2 hours ago PHOTO: Scientists say the virus strain in Singapore was not imported from Brazil. (AFP: Yuri Cortez) RELATED STORY: Malaysia confirms first case of Zika RELATED STORY: Pregnant woman in Singapore infected with Zika as cases soar MAP: Singapore Singapore has reported 215 cases of Zika infections, as scientists in the city-state said the virus strain came from within Asia and was not imported from Brazil. Key points: Scientists say the virus evolved from South-East Asia strain and was not imported Malaysia says it expects the number of local transmissions to grow It is urging residents to adopt preventative measures The Ministry of Health and National Environment Agency said in a joint statement on Saturday evening that of the 26 new cases reported on Saturday, 24 were linked to a cluster in the Aljunied district where the country's first locally-transmitted cases were reported. The statement did not say where the other two cases were from. A week after Singapore reported its first case of locally transmitted Zika infection, local scientists say they have completed genetic sequencing of the virus. The Aedes mosquito-borne Zika, which has been detected in 67 countries and territories including hard-hit Brazil, causes only mild symptoms for most people such as fever and a rash. But pregnant women who catch it can give birth to babies with microcephaly, a deformation marked by abnormally small brains and heads. Malaysian man dies in country's first locally transmitted case Meanwhile, the Malaysian health ministry said it has detected the first case of a locally transmitted Zika infection in a 61-year-old man in the state of Sabah. The patient died because of heart-related complications, the ministry said, and was already in fragile health due to heart problems, high blood pressure and other maladies. The patient, whose blood and urine samples tested positive for Zika, did not travel overseas recently and was probably bitten by Aedes mosquito infected with Zika, the ministry said. On Thursday, Malaysia confirmed the first imported case of Zika in a 58-year-old woman who had visited Singapore. The city-state announced the first locally contracted case of Zika last Saturday, and the number of diagnosed infections has grown steadily. Of those infected in Singapore, 11 are Malaysians, the ministry said. Zika virus explained Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, in a rhesus monkey at Uganda's Zika Forest. So what is it, where is it, and how does it spread? The connection between Zika and microcephaly first came to light last year in Brazil, which has since confirmed more than 1,800 cases of microcephaly. In adults, Zika infections have also been linked to a rare neurological syndrome known as Guillain-Barre, as well as other neurological disorders. There is no vaccine or treatment for Zika, which is a close cousin of dengue and chikungunya and causes mild fever, rash and red eyes. An estimated 80 per cent of people infected have no symptoms, making it difficult for pregnant women to know whether they have been infected. AFP/Reuters

Zika virus: Singapore reports new strain originating in Asia; Malaysia detects first local case Updated about 2 hours ago PHOTO: Scientists say the virus strain in Singapore was not imported from Brazil. (AFP: Yuri Cortez) RELATED STORY: Malaysia confirms first case of Zika RELATED STORY: Pregnant woman in Singapore infected with Zika as cases soar MAP: Singapore Singapore has reported 215 cases of Zika infections, as scientists in the city-state said the virus strain came from within Asia and was not imported from Brazil. Key points: Scientists say the virus evolved from South-East Asia strain and was not imported Malaysia says it expects the number of local transmissions to grow It is urging residents to adopt preventative measures The Ministry of Health and National Environment Agency said in a joint statement on Saturday evening that of the 26 new cases reported on Saturday, 24 were linked to a cluster in the Aljunied district where the country's first locally-transmitted cases were reported. The statement did not say where the other two cases were from. A week after Singapore reported its first case of locally transmitted Zika infection, local scientists say they have completed genetic sequencing of the virus. The Aedes mosquito-borne Zika, which has been detected in 67 countries and territories including hard-hit Brazil, causes only mild symptoms for most people such as fever and a rash. But pregnant women who catch it can give birth to babies with microcephaly, a deformation marked by abnormally small brains and heads. Malaysian man dies in country's first locally transmitted case Meanwhile, the Malaysian health ministry said it has detected the first case of a locally transmitted Zika infection in a 61-year-old man in the state of Sabah. The patient died because of heart-related complications, the ministry said, and was already in fragile health due to heart problems, high blood pressure and other maladies. The patient, whose blood and urine samples tested positive for Zika, did not travel overseas recently and was probably bitten by Aedes mosquito infected with Zika, the ministry said. On Thursday, Malaysia confirmed the first imported case of Zika in a 58-year-old woman who had visited Singapore. The city-state announced the first locally contracted case of Zika last Saturday, and the number of diagnosed infections has grown steadily. Of those infected in Singapore, 11 are Malaysians, the ministry said. Zika virus explained Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, in a rhesus monkey at Uganda's Zika Forest. So what is it, where is it, and how does it spread? The connection between Zika and microcephaly first came to light last year in Brazil, which has since confirmed more than 1,800 cases of microcephaly. In adults, Zika infections have also been linked to a rare neurological syndrome known as Guillain-Barre, as well as other neurological disorders. There is no vaccine or treatment for Zika, which is a close cousin of dengue and chikungunya and causes mild fever, rash and red eyes. An estimated 80 per cent of people infected have no symptoms, making it difficult for pregnant women to know whether they have been infected. AFP/Reuters

Malaysian man dies in country's first locally transmitted case Meanwhile, the Malaysian health ministry said it has detected the first case of a locally transmitted Zika infection in a 61-year-old man in the state of Sabah. The patient died because of heart-related complications, the ministry said, and was already in fragile health due to heart problems, high blood pressure and other maladies. The patient, whose blood and urine samples tested positive for Zika, did not travel overseas recently and was probably bitten by Aedes mosquito infected with Zika, the ministry said. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-03/singapore-reports-new-strain-of-zika-originating-in-asia/7812172