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China OIE Report on HPAI H7N9 In Live Bird Markets In Guangdong


niman

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On February 16 Taiwan CDC released a full H7N9 from a businessman who developed bird flu symptoms after traveling to Guangdong Province,  The H7 sequence had a polybasic cleavage site indicating it was HPAI and the N9 sequence had R229K indicating it was Tamiflu resustant (and the PB2 had E627K signaling mammalian adaptation.

This was followed by release of a similar sequence (by GD-CDC) from a fatal case, which had teh same markers cited above, although the constellations differed suggesting the HPAI was widespread.

This was confirmed by the release of two more human sequences by WHO Beijing.  One sequence matched the fatal case, while the other was from a milder case which did not have the E627K.

They also release seven environmental sequences which had the HPAI cleavage site but not the Tamiflu resistance (and the one PB2 sequence did not have E627K).  However, these environemntal sequences were collected as early as November 7.

Today an OIE report was released on samples from live bird markets in Guangdong.  Locations were not give and the report claimed the outbreak began January 10, 2017 although all 7 sets of environmental sequences were collected in 2016, as was the milder human case.

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Published Date: 2017-02-22 10:23:31
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (55): China (GD) HPAI H7N9, poultry, OIE, RFI 
Archive Number: 20170222.4854713

AVIAN INFLUENZA (55): CHINA (GUANGDONG) HPAI H7N9, POULTRY, OIE, REQUEST FOR INFORMATION 
*****************************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Sun 18 Feb 2017
Source:
OIE, WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database), weekly disease information 2017; 30(8) [edited]
http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=22933


Highly pathogenic avian influenza, China (People's Rep. of)
-----------------------------------------------------------
Information received on [and dated] 18 Feb 2017 from Dr Zhang Zhongqui, Director General, China Animal Disease Control Centre, Veterinary Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China (People's Rep. of)

Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 10 Jan 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 10 Jan 2017
Reason for notification: reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 2015
Manifestation of disease: Sub-clinical infection
Causal agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H7N9
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory (advanced),
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country

New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks:
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak 1: live bird markets, Guangdong
Date of start of the outbreak: 10 Jan 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved nor provided)
Epidemiological unit: Livestock market
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Birds / - / - / - / - / -

Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comment: samples from live bird markets sent to the National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza by the Guangdong veterinary authorities tested positive for a highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 virus. Affected live poultry markets have been closed and surveillance is strengthened in the whole province.

Control measures
Measures applied: movement control inside the country; screening; disinfection/disinfestation; quarantine; vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists); no treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied: no other measures

Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type / Species / Test / Test date / Result
National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza (National laboratory) / Birds / virus sequencing / 10 Jan 2017 / Positive

Future reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

[The location of the outbreak can be seen on the interactive map included in the OIE report at the source URL above.]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<[email protected]>

["In March 2013 the Chinese Public Health authorities reported the 1st human cases of disease due to the infection with a type A influenza virus of the strain H7N9. This strain of virus usually infects birds, and the report was followed by reinforced surveillance in bird populations in China.

On 4 Apr 2013 the Chinese Veterinary authorities notified the occurrence of infection of pigeons and chickens with low pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N9 to the OIE, which is suggested as being very similar to the virus infecting humans.

As this low pathogenic AI virus does not cause severe clinical signs in animals, the disease was not diagnosed before specific laboratory diagnostic tests could be conducted." (http://tinyurl.com/zb57xlp).

Between April 2013 and August 2015 (date when the last report was sent to the OIE), 43 outbreaks of LPAI H7N9 were reported. The event was declared resolved and no more reports were submitted. See event summary and updated map at http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review/viewsummary?fupser=&dothis=&reportid=13225.

All influenza A viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes, even if of low pathogenicity, must be reported to the OIE when detected in poultry due to their potential of mutating into highly pathogenic strains, as has occurred in China.

According to the media, "China has reported the 1st genetic mutation of the H7N9 bird flu virus with specialists predicting the change will result in more dead poultry. The Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention informed the World Health Organization that the mutation was found in samples collected from 2 patients in Guangdong province last month (January 2017). While there was no indication the mutation would have a greater direct impact on humans, it could lead to more infections in people, given the higher risk of infection among poultry." See, http://www.todayonline.com/chinaindia/china/mutation-h7n9-bird-flu-strain-found-guangdong-patients.

Although the report sent to the OIE does not mention the cases reported in humans, there is clearly a high association between the human cases reported in January 2017 and the detections of HPAI H7N9 found in live bird markets during this same time period. - Mod.CRD

According to information published on 19 Feb 2019 by China's CDC, the agricultural sector laboratory in Guangdong identified an apparent HPAI mutation of the H7N9 strain in 4 poultry specimens. The statement further indicated that China's health care system "will work together with the agricultural sector to identify the common source of the virus and continue to strengthen the monitoring of H7N9 virus, in order to timely detect any possible new variations." (http://www.chinacdc.cn/yw_9324/201702/t20170219_138185.html?from=timeline, in Chinese, machine translated). From the CDC information above, it may be assumed that the HPAI H7N9 strain, found in 4 samples from marketed poultry, is similar to the new HPAI mutation in human patients; this assumption needs to be clearly confirmed or otherwise. It further remains to be clarified which tests were used by the veterinary laboratory to define the mutant from poultry markets as being highly pathogenic for poultry, and whether mortality in poultry, related to the said mutant, has already been observed. - Mod.AS

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/334.]

 

See Also

Avian influenza, human (21): China (GZ) H7N9 20170219.4849594
Avian influenza, human (20): China (SC, YN, BJ), H7N9, death toll 20170215.4841682
Avian influenza, human (19): China (BJ, YN) H7N9 20170214.4833990
Avian influenza, human (18): China (AH,HE) Taiwan, H7N9 20170209.4819489
Avian influenza, human (17): China, H7N9 20170205.4816500
Avian influenza, human (16): China (LN) H7N9, comment 20170201.4807146
Avian influenza, human (15): China (LN) H7N9, RFI 20170131.4804367
Avian influenza, human (14): China (HN, Qingdao) H7N9, CDC travel advisory 20170128.4797061
Avian influenza, human (13): WHO, human-animal interface 20170126.4792947
Avian influenza, human (12): China (HE,HN) H7N9, WHO on alert 20170125.4787381
Avian influenza, human (10): Indonesia (LA) RFI 20170123.4785841
Avian influenza, human (09): Uganda, H5 susp, RFI 20170122.4779120
Avian influenza, human (08): China (HN) H7N9, fatal 20170122.4779060
Avian influenza, human (07): China, Macau, H7N9 20170118.4773390
Avian influenza, human (06): China (HE, HU) H7N9 20170116.4767537
Avian influenza, human (05): China, H7N9 20170113.4763810
Avian influenza, human (04): China H7N9 20170110.4750850
Avian influenza, human (03): China, H7N9 20170108.4745726
Avian influenza, human (02): China (Hong Kong) H7N9, WHO update 20170105.4740477
Avian influenza, human (01): China (JX), H7N9 20170102.4736553
2016
----
Avian influenza, human (72): China (HK) H7N9, fatal 20161229.4727495
Avian influenza, human (68): China, H7N9 20161218.4705001
Avian influenza, human (67): WHO, H5N6, H7N9, risk assessment 20161212.4689184
Avian influenza, human (66): China (GD) H7N9 20161210.4689085
Avian influenza, human (64): China (ZJ,JS) H7N9 20161114.4624064
Avian influenza, human (60): China (JX) H9N2 20160912.4481431
Avian influenza, human (58): China, H7N9, update, WHO 20160820.4422893
Avian influenza, human (57): China, H7N9, WHO update 20160727.4370565
Avian influenza, human (55): China (mainland) H7N9, fatal 20160722.4362599
Avian influenza (55): China (HK) LPAI H7N9, poultry, OIE 20160614.4286112
Avian influenza, human (54): China, H7N9, WHO 20160714.4343947
Avian influenza, human (53): China (LN) H7N9, fatal 20160710.4332434
Avian influenza, human (52): WHO, human-animal interface 20160625.4308644
Avian influenza, human (49): China, H7N9, origin 20160611.4278689
Avian influenza (49): China (HK) LPAI H7N9, poultry 20160605.4266649
Avian influenza, human (45): WHO, human-animal interface 20160523.4239090
Avian influenza, human (46): China (GD) H7N9 20160529.4250949
Avian influenza, human (44): China, H7N9, WHO 20160518.4228384
Avian influenza, human (43): China, H5N6, mutations, WHO 20160507.4205906
Avian influenza, human (34): China, H5N6, H7N9, WHO 20160325.4118113
2015
----
Avian influenza, human (133): WHO assessment human-animal interface 20151220.3881202
Avian influenza, human (115): human-animal interface, SA status comments 20150718.3520025
Avian influenza, human (107): WHO assessment 20150521.3376485
Avian influenza, human (119): China (Hong Kong) 2014, H7N9 epidemiological study 20150804.3556142
2014
----
Avian influenza (72): China (XJ), LPAI H7N9, poultry, spread, monitoring 20140919.2788651
Avian influenza, human (106): China (XJ) H7N9, severe illness 20140918.2785106
Avian influenza, human (100): China, H7N9, WHO 20140602.2514313
Avian influenza, human (49): China, LPAI H7N9, poultry, epidemiology, update 20140201.2248029
Avian influenza, human (24): China (HK) H7N9, poultry, surveillance, control 20140118.2182744
2013
----
Avian influenza, human (149): China, H7N9, live poultry markets, control 20131203.2090295
Avian influenza, human (147): China (Hong Kong) H7N9, first case 20131202.2087472
Avian influenza, human (132): China, H7N9, live poultry markets 20131102.2034820
Avian influenza, human (126) - China: (ZJ) H7N9 re-emerges 20131024.2019232
Avian influenza, human (122): China (ZJ) H7N9, alert 20131015.2002724
Avian influenza, human (120): H7N9 genesis & source 20131010.1994804
and other items in the archives
.................................................crd/ec/mpp/mj/mpp

http://www.promedmail.org/post/4854713

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High-path H7N9 in China

China's detection of highly pathogenic H7N9 in poultry markets was noted in a Feb 18 report to the OIE that appeared on the group's Web site today. Since it was first detected in early 2013, the novel virus has circulated in poultry as a low-pathogenic strain, which has made it difficult for animal health officials to identify outbreaks. Often, human illnesses have been sentinels that the virus is present in local poultry, especially at live-bird markets.

However, over the weekend the Guangdong province Center for Disease Control said two recent samples in humans showed mutations that suggest H7N9 may be becoming more pathogenic in birds.

The announcement was followed by a report from Taiwanese health officials, who found similar changes in a virus sample from an imported human H7N9 case, as well as a mutation in the neuraminidase protein linked to oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance.

In today's OIE report, China's agriculture ministry said the market birds in Guangdong province had subclinical infection. Samples from the birds sent to the national avian influenza reference lab by Guangdong officials were positive for highly pathogenic H7N9.

Authorities have closed the affected live-poultry markets and have stepped up surveillance throughout Guangdong province.

http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2017/02/china-confirms-high-path-h7n9-market-poultry

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