niman

Map Update https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?hl=en&hl=en&authuser=0&authuser=0&mid=1FlIB7hHnVgGD9TlbSx5HwAj-PEQ

Maryland Confirmed Zika Virus Infections (As of May 4, 2016) Travel-AssociatedLocally Acquired Vector-BorneTotal14014 http://phpa.dhmh.maryland.gov/Pages/Zika.aspx

Maryland Confirmed Zika Virus Infections (As of May 4, 2016) Travel-AssociatedLocally Acquired Vector-BorneTotal14014

As of Thursday, May 5, 2016, VDH has reported 13 cases of Zika virus disease in Virginia residents to the CDC (2 in Northwest Region, 5 in Northern Region, 1 in Eastern Region, 3 in Central Region and 2 in Southwest Region). CDC has issued a travel alert (Level 2-Practice Enhanced Precautions) for people traveling to regions and certain countries where Zika virus transmission is ongoing. *Updated weekly. For Zika virus disease reporting, the week runs Thursday-Wednesday.

Zika increase in cases of Panama by Sal Salome on 05/05/2016 Eight million dollars it currently amounts spent by health authorities in Panama to address the epidemic of zika, announced the minister, Francisco Javier Terrientes. The ministry report notes that so far have detected 14 cases of pregnant women infected with the virus and six births with malformations, including cases of microcephaly. And he reiterated the wake -up call to the public to avoid or eliminate breeding grounds for the mosquito Aedes Aegypti . Of all pregnancies, four babies were born with microcephaly and two with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Terrientes said they will continue operating fumigation and cleaning also will punish those who do not comply with the preventive measures. According to the report of the Gorgas Memorial Institute in Panama there are 440 cases of dengue and nine people affected with Chikungunya virus. La Radio del Domingo http://laradiodeldomingo.com/2016/05/05/aumentan-casos-de-zika-en-panam/

Country | 01/05/16 00:00 The fumigations have remained in infected areas.Dominguez yanelis [email protected] @YanelisDD In the country were born three children with microcephaly, two of them are alive and receiving the necessary attention and confirmed by the Health Minister Francisco Javier Terrientes. These children have a speedy and free care in all centers Health, The official said, it is important to keep your progress daily. Terrientes explained that besides the size of the head, these children may have congenital affectations such as cleft lip and some respiratory disorders. These births crisis could worsen in the coming months, as reported MoH, 20 womenpregnant women who had suspected the virus, 13 were positive. While monitoring these follows little ones who have suffered a condition that could have been avoided, it was reported that to date have imposed 1,000 fines in the metropolitan region, ranging from $ 50 to $ 100 thousand for having mosquito breeding and not keeping health standards. US authorities approved the first commercial test for Zika virus, which could be on sale next week, many asked to come to Panama. http://www.diaadia.com.pa/el-país/cuidado-especial-292334

Microcephaly map updated https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/1/edit?mid=1RcVTrkYW6hax_iITjKUkEcBCVeI

Four new cases of microcephaly in Panama05/05 7:40 CET | 019 ago updated: 38 m. | Updated xx 1462431726 1462426839 FEATURE Syria: "We will never allow terrorists to be installed again here" 05/05 5:45Demonstration in Port au Prince for the verification commission of election results 05/05 4:49Protests against Uber in Argentina and Brazil 05/05 4:24Mexico and the United States celebrate the 130th anniversary of the birth of Diego Rivera with multiple exposures 05/05 4:24Cameron warns of the loss of 100,000 jobs in the UK banking and financial sector if Brexit 05/05 2:30Canada declares state of emergency in Alberta by fires 05/05 00:33US: Contaminated water from Flint (Michigan) reveals a serious national crisis 04/05 23:58Turkey: Davutoglu will not stand for re-election of the AKP because of differences with Erdogan 04/05 22:50Trump becomes the de facto Republican presidential candidate following the withdrawal of its rivals 04/05 22:30US and Russia forged a truce of 48 hours in Aleppo 04/05 21:59The flames continue to cause chaos in the Canadian city of Fort McMurray: evacuees 04/05 20:56Idomeni refugees feel abandoned by the EU 04/05 18:54multitudinous tribute on the 36th anniversary of the death of Josip Broz Tito 04/05 18:34The world's largest diamond will be auctioned by Christie's 04/05 18:14Thousands of people dismiss Papa Wemba, the Congolese rumba icon 04/05 18:01Israel: "There is no reason to give a gift to the Palestinian families of the aggressors" 04/05 17:59Ecuador after the earthquake emergency phase ends and begins humanitarian 04/05 17:58several bands diplomatic objective: to save the Syrian truce 04/05 17:49Ukraine: At least 1 killed in another explosion in a mine in eastern rebel 04/05 16:38Russia will create three military divisions to increasing NATO forces 04/05 16:25PreviousNextsmaller_textlarger_textRelated topics What is the Zika virus?Some answers about the virus zikaIncreased insurance cancellation of trips to Central and South America by the Zika virusThe Ministry of Health of the Central American country has announced that it has detected the disease in four new newborns of infected mothers by the virus Zika . The health authorities report notes that there are 264 people infected, sixteen more than they had previously counted in the total. In total, there are fourteen pregnant women infected with the virus and in addition to the four cases of microcephaly, have detected two with other malformation. Health Minister, Fernando Terrientes said during a spraying operation that Zika had come to Panama to stay and that more cases will come. The virus linked to microcephaly and other malformations and that takes months to expand by Latin America is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. http://es.euronews.com/2016/05/05/cuatro-nuevos-casos-de-microcefalia-en-panama/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+euronews%2Fes%2Fnews+(euronews+-+news+-+es)

Zika Outbreak: Panama Confirms 4 Microcephaly Cases Linked To VirusBY SUMAN VARANDANI @SUMAN09 ON 05/05/16 AT 1:40 AM A medical researcher works on results of tests for preventing the spread of the Zika virus and other mosquito-borne diseases at the Gorgas Memorial institute for Health Studies laboratory in Panama City, Feb. 5, 2016.PHOTO: REUTERS/CARLOS JASSOThe Health Ministry in Panama confirmed Wednesday that four babies born with microcephaly — a condition that causes babies to be born with abnormally small heads — are linked to the Zika virus. The recent cases were part of the total 264 cases of the mosquito-borne infection in the country. The connection between Zika and microcephaly came to light last fall in Brazil, which has now confirmed more than 1,100 cases of microcephaly that it considers to be related to Zika infections in expecting mothers. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Zika outbreak, which has spread across Latin America and in Caribbean nations, an international health emergency on Feb. 1. Panama's Health Ministry said Wednesday that 14 pregnant women have contracted the virus, and six babies who were infected with Zika were born with malformations, including the microcephaly cases, Reuters reported. The country is "staying alert to the rapid expansion of the Zika virus," Panama's Health Minister Francisco Terrientes reportedly said, calling on citizens to take preventative measures. As scientists continue to work to solve the mystery behind the treatment of Zika, Brazilian researchers said Wednesday that infecting mosquitoes with a strain of bacteria known as Wolbachia — which live in insect cells and are found in 60 percent of common insects — significantly reduced their ability to transmit the virus. The new study was conducted by researchers at Brazil's Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and published in Cell Host & Microbe. “We are pretty sure that mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia will have a great impact on Zika transmission in the field,” Luciano A. Moreira, a biologist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, reportedly said. The study said that the method of infecting the mosquitoes with Wolbachia will involve inserting the bacteria into mosquito eggs, which then pass the bacteria along to the offspring. "The idea has been to release Aedes mosquitoes with Wolbachia over a period of a few months, so they mate with Aedes mosquitoes ... and over time, replace the mosquito population," senior author Luciano Moreira of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, which is preparing to host the Olympics this summer, said. http://www.ibtimes.com/zika-outbreak-panama-confirms-4-microcephaly-cases-linked-virus-2364377

Wed May 4, 2016 11:13pm EDTRelated: HEALTHPanama confirms four microcephaly cases tied to Zika A health worker carries out fumigation as part of preventive measures against the Zika virus and other mosquito-borne diseases in Panama City February 2, 2016.REUTERS/CARLOS JASSO Four babies born with microcephaly linked to the Zika virus have been confirmed in Panama, the health ministry said on Wednesday, out of 264 total cases of the mosquito-borne infection in the country. Public health officials have been concerned about the possibility of a surge in the rare birth defect, seen in worrisome numbers in Brazil, as the virus spreads rapidly in Latin America and the Caribbean. Fourteen pregnant women have contracted the virus, and six babies who were infected with Zika were born with malformations, including the microcephaly cases, the health ministry said. According to the World Health Organization, there is a strong scientific consensus that Zika can cause the birth defect microcephaly as well as Guillain-Barre syndrome, a rare neurological disorder that can result in paralysis, though conclusive proof may take months or years. Panama's Health Minister Francisco Terrientes said the country is "staying alert to the rapid expansion of the Zika virus," and called on the population to take preventative measures. Brazil said it has confirmed 1,198 cases of Zika-related microcephaly, a rare birth defect marked by small head size that can lead to severe developmental problems in babies. Zika has also been linked to other severe birth defects and with stillbirth. (Reporting by Elida Moreno; Writing by Anna Yukhananov; Editing by Robert Birsel) http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-zika-panama-idUSKCN0XW07H

Panama MoH confirms four Zika linked microcephaly cases.

Zika microcephaly map https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1RcVTrkYW6hax_iITjKUkEcBCVeI

Wed May 4, 2016 11:13pm EDTRelated: HEALTHPanama confirms four microcephaly cases tied to Zika A health worker carries out fumigation as part of preventive measures against the Zika virus and other mosquito-borne diseases in Panama City February 2, 2016.REUTERS/CARLOS JASSO Four babies born with microcephaly linked to the Zika virus have been confirmed in Panama, the health ministry said on Wednesday, out of 264 total cases of the mosquito-borne infection in the country. Public health officials have been concerned about the possibility of a surge in the rare birth defect, seen in worrisome numbers in Brazil, as the virus spreads rapidly in Latin America and the Caribbean. Fourteen pregnant women have contracted the virus, and six babies who were infected with Zika were born with malformations, including the microcephaly cases, the health ministry said. ADVERTISINGinRead invented by TeadsAccording to the World Health Organization, there is a strong scientific consensus that Zika can cause the birth defect microcephaly as well as Guillain-Barre syndrome, a rare neurological disorder that can result in paralysis, though conclusive proof may take months or years. Panama's Health Minister Francisco Terrientes said the country is "staying alert to the rapid expansion of the Zika virus," and called on the population to take preventative measures. Brazil said it has confirmed 1,198 cases of Zika-related microcephaly, a rare birth defect marked by small head size that can lead to severe developmental problems in babies. Zika has also been linked to other severe birth defects and with stillbirth. (Reporting by Elida Moreno; Writing by Anna Yukhananov; Editing by Robert Birsel) http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-zika-panama-idUSKCN0XW07H

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Main TextThe mosquito Aedes aegypti, typically linked with dengue (Flaviviridae) (Kyle and Harris, 2008) and chikungunya (Togaviridae) (Morrison, 2014) transmission, is also associated with the alarming spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) (Flaviviridae), a previously obscure arbovirus that has recently gone global (Enserink, 2015). Since 2007, ZIKV infection has been reported in 39 countries worldwide (Martínez de Salazar et al., 2016), including Brazil, where infection was first linked to cases of microcephaly during a large outbreak in 2015 (Mlakar et al., 2016, Oliveira Melo et al., 2016). Combined with the implication of the virus in cases of the autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barré syndrome (Araujo et al., 2016), ZIKV has ballooned into a public health crisis. In the absence of a vaccine, current effective control options are limited to reducing the abundance of mosquito vector populations (Heintze et al., 2007). However, there is a clear need for novel efficacious approaches, given that existing strategies such as insecticides (Maciel-de-Freitas et al., 2014) and larval biological control (Vu et al., 2005) have proven unsustainable and ineffective at halting disease spread (Kyle and Harris, 2008). After decades of being proposed as a potential means of vector control, the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia, present in an estimated 40% of all known terrestrial insect species (Zug and Hammerstein, 2012), is currently being utilized around the world as part of an innovative approach to control the transmission of dengue (http://www.eliminatedengue.com) and other pathogens (Bourtzis et al., 2014). This is possible because the reproductive parasitism associated withWolbachia infection, typified by cytoplasmic incompatibility (Werren et al., 2008), gives the bacterium the ability to quickly and stably invade host populations (Hoffmann et al., 2011). Critically, the bacterium also blocks the transmission of many important human pathogens in mosquitoes, including Plasmodium and chikungunya (Bian et al., 2013, Caragata et al., 2016, Moreira et al., 2009), giving it great utility as a control agent. As many different strains of the bacterium cause this inhibition, we hypothesized that the wMel Wolbachia strain (wMel_Br), currently being utilized as part of dengue control efforts in Brazil, might be able to restrict ZIKV infection and transmission in Ae. aegypti. To that end, we performed experimental infections with two currently circulating ZIKV isolates and used a qRT-PCR-based assay to a quantify ZIKV levels in mosquito tissues and saliva, in order to assess whetherWolbachia could potentially be used to combat the emerging Zika pandemic. Through experimental infection and transmission assays using two currently circulating Brazilian ZIKV isolates (BRPE243/2015 [BRPE] and SPH/2015 [SPH]) (Faria et al., 2016), we compared ZIKV infection in wMel-infected mosquitoes (wMel_Br) with Wolbachia-uninfected mosquitoes collected in Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in early 2016 (Br). Due to the regular introduction of F1 Br males (the eggs of field-collected Br mosquitoes) in wMel_Br colony cages over 2 years, both lines had a similar genetic background (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures). The ZIKVs were isolated in the field in late 2015 and maintained in cell culture, and viral titers were quantified via plaque-forming assay prior to experimental infection (Table 1). In two separate experiments, fresh ZIKV-infected supernatant was harvested from culture, mixed with human blood, and used to orally infectwMel_Br and Br mosquitoes. ZIKV levels were quantified in mosquito heads/thoraces and in abdomens at 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi) using a TaqMan-based qRT-PCR assay (Figure 1). Table 1Effects of Wolbachia on ZIKV PrevalenceIsolateZIKV Titer (PFU/mL)Days Post-infectionwMel_BrBrwMel_BrBrwMel_BrBrHead/Thorax Infection RateAbdomen Infection RateSaliva Infection RateBRPE5.0 × 10670655585––14101003510045100SPH8.7 × 10375953090––1425953095––Ae. aegypti were orally infected with fresh, low-passage ZIKV. Initial viral titer was determined by plaque-forming assay. Saliva infection was only examined for mosquitoes at 14 days post-infection with the BRPE isolate. Infection rates are given as percentages. n = 20 per group unless specified. ZIKV, Zika virus; PFU, plaque-forming units; BRPE, ZIKV/H. sapiens/Brazil/BRPE243/2015; SPH, ZIKV/H. sapiens/Brazil/SPH/2015; wMel_Br, Wolbachia-infected; Br,Wolbachia-uninfected. The prevalence of ZIKV infection was significantly reduced among Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes (Table 1, analysis via Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.0001 unless stated). For the BRPE isolate (Figure 1A), Wolbachia decreased ZIKV prevalence by 35% in abdomens, although there was no significant difference for this tissue (p > 0.05), by 100% in head/thoraces at 7 dpi, and by 65% and 90% at 14 dpi, respectively. For the SPH isolate (Figure 1B), Wolbachia reduced prevalence by 95% and 67% in head/thoraces and abdomens (p = 0.0002), respectively, at 7 dpi, and by 74% and 68% in head/thoraces and abdomens, respectively, at 14 dpi. Likewise, the intensity of ZIKV infection was greatly reduced in wMel_Br mosquitoes for both tissues and time points (Mann-Whitney U tests, p < 0.0001). Additionally, we observed that median ZIKV titers in the head/thoraces of Br mosquitoes increased over time for both isolates (Mann-Whitney U test; BRPE, p < 0.0001; SPH, p = 0.0094), while there was no such effect in wMel_Br mosquitoes. Saliva was collected from Br and wMel_Br mosquitoes at 14 dpi, after the 5- to 10-day ZIKV extrinsic incubation period was likely completed (Li et al., 2012), in order to determine if Wolbachia infection also inhibited ZIKV transmission (Figure 1C). We used mosquitoes infected with the BRPE isolate as it had a higher titer in culture (Table 1). ZIKV levels were quantified directly for individual saliva samples using the same qRT-PCR assay. We observed that Wolbachia infection reduced ZIKV prevalence in individual saliva samples by 55% (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.0001) and median ZIKV copies by approximately 5 logs (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.0001). To determine if the virus in these samples was infectious, a further ten wMel_Br and ten Br saliva samples, from the samples described above, were intrathoracically injected into 8–14 naive Br mosquitoes each (Figure 1D), using a previously described method (Ferguson et al., 2015). The overall mortality rate among injected mosquitoes was 11.93%. The presence or absence of ZIKV infection was determined at 5 dpi in eight mosquitoes injected with each saliva, amounting to a mean proportion sampled of 0.68. Of the 80 mosquitoes injected with Br saliva, 68 (85%) became infected with ZIKV, with all Br saliva samples producing at least one infected mosquito. In contrast, none of the 80 mosquitoes injected with wMel_Br saliva became infected (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.0001; odds ratio 882.3, 95% CI, 51.3–15187), indicating that while some of the wMel_Br saliva samples did contain detectable ZIKV, we saw no evidence that the saliva contained infectious virus. There is a clear correlation between the inhibition of pathogens by Wolbachia and bacterial density in insect tissues (Joubert et al., 2016, Martinez et al., 2014). In order to determine if there was a link between Wolbachia density and ZIKV prevalence and intensity, we measured total Wolbachia RNA levels in the wMel_Br mosquitoes used in the ZIKV infection assays, using qRT-PCR as described above. We saw that ZIKV infection explained less than 5% of the variance inWolbachia density that was observed between ZIKV-infected and -uninfected wMel_Br mosquitoes at either 7 dpi or 14 dpi and was not a significant predictor (PERMANOVA; p > 0.05). Furthermore, we observed no relationship between Wolbachia density and ZIKV load among wMel_Br mosquitoes that became infected with the virus (Spearman correlation; heads/thoraces, r = 0.5952, p = 0.1323; abdomens, r = −0.01891, p = 0.9210). This suggests that there may not be a direct link between Wolbachia density in individual mosquitoes and ZIKV infection, indicating that the inhibition of ZIKV may arise through other means, indirectly due to the presence of the bacterium (Caragata et al., 2013, Moreira et al., 2009, Pan et al., 2012, Rancès et al., 2012). Our results indicate that the ability of Wolbachia infection to greatly reduce the capacity of mosquitoes to harbor and transmit a range of medically important pathogens, including the dengue and chikungunya viruses (Caragata et al., 2016, Moreira et al., 2009, Walker et al., 2011) also extends to ZIKV. While wMel did not completely inhibit ZIKV infection, we observed a similar decrease in prevalence and intensity of infection to that of wMel-infected Ae. aegypti challenged with viremic blood from dengue patients, which was considered sufficient to drastically decrease viral transmission (Ferguson et al., 2015). Additionally, the fact that we did not observe an increase in disseminated ZIKV infection over time, and that ZIKV prevalence and infectivity in wMel_Br mosquito saliva was significantly decreased, may indicate that, as for dengue, wMel extends the ZIKV extrinsic incubation period (Ye et al., 2015). This in turn would likely further decrease overall ZIKV transmission rates, given the small decrease in lifespan associated with wMel infection (Walker et al., 2011). We observed that the wMel Wolbachia infection in Ae. aegypti greatly inhibited ZIKV infection in mosquito abdomens, and it reduced disseminated infection in heads and thoraces and ZIKV prevalence in mosquito saliva. Most critically, our results suggest that saliva from wMel-infected mosquitoes did not contain infectious virus. That this inhibition occurred for two ZIKV isolates that circulated in Brazil during the 2015 epidemic, and for mosquitoes with a wild-type genetic background, suggests that wMel could greatly reduce ZIKV transmission in field populations of Ae. aegypti, which in turn would likely reduce the frequency of Zika-associated pathology in humans. Wolbachia can invade and persist in wild mosquito populations (Hoffmann et al., 2014) and represents a relatively low-cost, self-sustaining form of mosquito control that is already being trialed in countries where ZIKV outbreaks have been reported and has recently been recommended by the World Health Organization as a suitable tool to control ZIKV transmission (http://migre.me/tDWVe). It is important to point out that extensive public engagement will be required before releases of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes can be scaled up for use in other areas. However, the results presented here indicate that wMel-infected Ae. aegyptirepresent a realistic and effective option to combat the ZIKV burden in Brazil and potentially in other countries and should be considered as an integral part of future control efforts. The work reported in this paper was performed under the oversight of the Committee for Ethics in Research (CEP)/FIOCRUZ (License CEP 732.621). Author ContributionsConceptualization, H.L.C.D., M.N.R., and L.A.M.; Methodology, H.L.C.D. F.B.S.D., E.P.C., and L.A.M.; Formal analysis, H.L.C.D. and E.P.C.; Investigation, H.L.C.D.; M.N.R., F.B.S.D., S.B.M., and E.P.C.; Writing—Original Draft, H.L.C.D.; Writing—Review & Editing, H.L.C.D., E.P.C., and L.A.M.; Funding Acquisition, L.A.M; Resources, L.A.M.; Supervision, L.A.M. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all members of the Mosquitos Vetores Group (MV—CPqRR/FIOCRUZ), particularly Jéssica Silva, who helped to develop the salivation assay. We thank Dr. Luis Villegas for helpful discussion on statistics and Dr. Alexandre Machado for assistance with viral cultures. The Zika virus isolates were kindly provided by the Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy (Aggeu Magalhães Research Center/FIOCRUZ) and by the Laboratory of Viral Isolation (Evandro Chagas Institute). We thank INCT-EM for the Real-Time PCR machine, and the Brazilian and Australian teams of the Eliminate Dengue program, particularly Prof. Scott L. O’Neill for donating the original wMel line and the Entomology team for providing field mosquito eggs. This work was supported by FAPEMIG, CNPq, CAPES, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (DECIT/SVS), and a grant to Monash University from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the Vector-Based Transmission of Control: Discovery Research (VCTR) program of the Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiatives of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Supplemental Information Document S1. Supplemental Experimental Procedures and Tables S1–S4Document S2. Article plus Supplemental Information

Graphical Abstract Highlights

SummaryThe recent association of Zika virus with cases of microcephaly has sparked a global health crisis and highlighted the need for mechanisms to combat the Zika vector, Aedes aegyptimosquitoes. Wolbachia pipientis, a bacterial endosymbiont of insect, has recently garnered attention as a mechanism for arbovirus control. Here we report that Aedes aegypti harboringWolbachia are highly resistant to infection with two currently circulating Zika virus isolates from the recent Brazilian epidemic. Wolbachia-harboring mosquitoes displayed lower viral prevalence and intensity and decreased disseminated infection and, critically, did not carry infectious virus in the saliva, suggesting that viral transmission was blocked. Our data indicate that the use ofWolbachia-harboring mosquitoes could represent an effective mechanism to reduce Zika virus transmission and should be included as part of Zika control strategies.

Highlights •Mosquitoes harboring Wolbachia were resistant to current circulating Zika virus isolates•Zika virus prevalence, intensity, and disseminated infection were reduced•Saliva from Wolbachia-harboring mosquitoes did not contain infectious Zika virus

Brief ReportSwitch to Standard View Wolbachia Blocks Currently Circulating Zika Virus Isolates in BrazilianAedes aegypti MosquitoesHeverton Leandro Carneiro Dutra, Marcele Neves Rocha, Fernando Braga Stehling Dias, Simone Brutman Mansur,Eric Pearce Caragata, Luciano Andrade MoreiraPublication stage: In Press Corrected ProofOpen AccessDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.04.021 Open access funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation http://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(16)30157-3

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3 Zika virus cases confirmed in Onondaga County; Officials say no public health threatPublished 05/04 2016 05:03PM Updated 05/04 2016 05:33PM Copyright 2016 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.SYRACUSE, N.Y. (WSYR-TV) One day after a case of Zika virus was confirmed in Oneida County, health officials have confirmed that three cases have been identified in Onondaga County. They stress, however, that the cases do not present a threat to public health. Officials have not indicated how the people contracted the virus, or where they live. Skaneateles High school student to take "Gap Year"The term "Gap Year" is buzzing after the White House announced Malia Obama will take a year off before enrolling at Harvard University. The year off… Powered By Additional details on the Zika virus are available on the CDC website. Senator Chuck Schumer was at Upstate University Hospital on Wednesday, calling on Congress to approve nearly $2 billion to deal with Zika. "Is there panic no, but we don't want to be in a situation in August where people say why didn't they do something down there in Washington. These folks are the front lines, all they need is a few dollars, they could do some real good for all of us,” The Senator said. Upstate University Hospital is among the nation’s foremost research centers on mosquito-borne diseases. Dr. Timothy Endy, who has studied such illnesses for approximately two decades says their research on similar mosquito-borne diseases like dengue has made considerable strides. Endy and other experts say dedicated funding for Zika could be the fulcrum for more advances towards a vaccine.

SYRACUSE, N.Y. (WSYR-TV) One day after a case of Zika virus was confirmed in Oneida County, health officials have confirmed that three cases have been identified in Onondaga County. They stress, however, that the cases do not present a threat to public health. Officials have not indicated how the people contracted the virus, or where they live. http://www.localsyr.com/3-zika-virus-cases-confirmed-in-onondaga-county-officials-say-no-public-health-threat?utm_content=buffer7a76b&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

Microcephaly: confirmed cases reach 1,271, according to ministry05/04/2016 | 16:29 The number of confirmed cases of microcephaly in Brazil reached 1,271, according to a new balance of the Ministry announced on Wednesday (4). In all, 7,343 notifications since the beginning of the investigation, on October 22 until 30 April.According to the folder, 2,492 cases were discarded and 3,580 other cases are still being investigated. Of the confirmed cases of microcephaly, 203 tested positive for the virus zika. StatesThe state with the highest number of confirmed cases is still Pernambuco, with 339 cases, followed by Bahia, with 232, Paraíba, with 115, and Maranhão, also with 115. Since October 22, there were 267 reports of deaths from microcephaly or other changes in the central nervous system during pregnancy or after delivery. Of this total, 57 deaths have been confirmed to microcephaly and changes in the central nervous system, 32 were discarded and 178 remain under investigation http://www.paraiba.com.br/2016/05/04/40140-microcefalia-casos-confirmados-chegam-a-1271-segundo-ministerio

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