niman

During 2014–2015, after massive outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) on the Korean Peninsula, subtype H5N8 viruses (group A clade 2.3.4.4) caused outbreaks among wild birds and domestic poultry in central Asia, Russia, and central Europe (1,2). Strains of this clade, and novel reassortants thereof, were transferred to North America (3). Transcontinental spread of these strains and an earlier HPAI virus (HPAIV) of the goose/Guangdong lineage of subtype H5N1 has been linked to dissemination by migratory wild birds (4). We describe novel reassortant of HPAIV A(H5N8) within group B clade 2.3.4.4, which caused lethal infections in hundreds of wild birds and domestic poultry in Germany and elsewhere in Europe.

Abstract In November 2016, an influenza A(H5N8) outbreak caused deaths of wild birds and domestic poultry in Germany. Clade 2.3.4.4 virus was closely related to viruses at the Russia–Mongolia border in 2016 but had new polymerase acidic and nucleoprotein segments. These new strains may be more efficiently transmitted to and shed by birds.

Anne Pohlmann, Elke Starick, Timm Harder, Dirk Höper, Anja Globig, Christoph Staubach, Klaas Dietze, Christian Grund, Günter Strebelow, Reiner G. Ulrich, Jan Schinköthe, Jens P. Teifke, Franz J. Conraths, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, and Martin Beer Author affiliations: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

Recommend on FacebookTweet Volume 23, Number 4—April 2017 Dispatch Outbreaks among Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry Caused by Reassorted Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4 Viruses, Germany, 2016 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/4/16-1949_article

FLI has released an EID paper that describes the H5N8 reasortant first seen in the sequences from Poland, A/herring gull/Poland/84/2016. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/4/16-1949_article Eight new sets of sequences have been deposited at GISAID, but not yet released. However, 6 of the H5 and N8 sequences are represented in phylogenetic trees,and all match the Poland sequences. A/chicken/Germany-MV/R8790/2016 A/chicken/Germany-SH/R8758/2016 A/tufted_duck/Germany-SN/R8795/2016 A/tufted_duck/Germany/AR8459-L01988/2016 A/turkey/Germany-SH/R8595/2016 A/tufted_duck/Germany/AR8444-L01987/2016 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/4/16-1949-techapp1.pdf PA and NP trees include the latter three sequences above, which also match the sequence from Poland, confirming presence of additional internal genes which match the most widely reported European H5N8 constellation (also present in Sweden, England, and France). These sequences are distinct fro the Croatia sequences with a different constellation (present in Croatia, France, and southern Poland).

Today's audio on sequences http://recombinomics.co/thedrnimanshow/2017/01/010417.mp3

The fall H5N8 outbreak continues to grow, and recently released sequences reveal a growing complexity. H5N8 was initially reported in India, followed by multiple outbreaks in Europe (initial cases were largely in symptomatic or dead wild birds). Prior to these outbreaks H5N8 had been reported at Uvs Lake in Tyva, Russia. Initial H5 and H8 sequences in Germany and Denmark matched the Uvs Lake sequence. However, sequences from Qinghai Lake in China were subsequently released. The large number of sequences suggested the outbreak was large (no OIE report was filed) and collection dates preceded those from Uvs Lake. Most sequences were from dead Bar-Headed geese, followed by Brown-Headed gulls, much like the H5N1 outbreak at Qinghai Lake in the spring of 2005. In 2005, the characterization and sequencing of the H5N1 at Qinghai Lake identified a new sub-clade (clade 2.2) which raised concerns that its presence in long range migratory birds (most of the deaths were also Bar-Headed geese) would lead to geographical expansion because of migration to southern Russia and northern Mongolia where multiple flyways overlap in summer breeding locations. The concerns were realized when Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia reported H5N1 outbreaks for the first time and all sequences were clade 2.2 (Qinghai strain). In the fall the H5N1 dramatically increased its geographic reach. Although reported cases in Europe were limited to four countries, reports increased dramatically in early 2006, and included South Asia as well as Europe, the Middle East, and Northern and Western Africa. The patterns were reported on all smaller scale in subsequent seasons, initially by clade 2.2 followed by Fujian clades 2.3.2 and then 2.3.4. The 2.3.4 (clade 2.3.4.4) reasserted in China to generate a number of H5 serotpes. H5N8 casued major outbreaks in the spring of 2014 in South Korea poultry and Japan wild birds. In the late summer it was in Russia and then caused a limited number of outbreaks in Europe in the fall. The same lineage appeared in Japan, where two additional H5N8 lineages were circulting. One of these other lineages (identified in a crane) gave rise to outbreaks in Taiwan and North America that included devastation in poultry populations. In Taiwan there were three different serotypes. All had the H5 from the crane, but had replaced some of the remaining gene segments with genes from low path serotypes circulating in Asia. In addition to H5N8, Taiwan reported H5N2 and H5N3. These outbreaks decimated duck and goose farms primarily. In North America, three different serotypes were identified. For H5N8 all eight gene segments matched the crane from Japan, but the other two seroptypes (H5N1 and H5N2) had a low path N gene from North American wild birds as well as additional internal genes, so each novel serotype had Asian gene segments from the crane, including H5, mixed with North American sequences for some fo the internal genes. Most of the infections in the fall in the US were wild birds and a limited number of backyard farms, In Canada large commercial farms in British Columbia were infected with H5N2. However, in the spring H5N2 cause major damage to commercial farms. In Minnesota, the largest turkey producer in the US, the turkey farms were hit hard, while in Iowa, the largest egg producing state in the US, the layer farms were hit hard. In spite of increased surveillance since these outbreaks, newly reported infections have been limited to a small handful of wild birds (the most recent in the summer near Fairbanks Alaska). Similarly, Europe had little activity in the 2005/2006 season. However, the current outbreak is the largest to date, and limited sequence data indicates the genetic variation is very volatile. Initial H5 and N8 sequences (from Germany and Denmark) matched the lineage reported for the Qinghai and Uvs Lake outbreaks. However, the first full 2016 European sequence was generated in Poland, and three of the internal genes (PB2, PA, NP) were from low path wild birds. This constellation was seen in subsequent sequences from Sweden and England. However, sequences from Croatia had a different constellation, which did not include a change in the PA. Moreover, the PB2 and NP genes were from different lineages and the genes that matched the Qinghai/Uvs Lake lineage were slight different from the other constellation. Similarly, two full sequences from India were released, and they had different constellations relative to each other and the European sequences. Both sequences from India had a wild bird NP and one of the sequences also had a wild bird PA. However, as was seen in the European sequences, the wild bird sequences were from different lineages, and the segments that matched Qinghai/Uvs Lake had drifted and could be easily distinguished from the sequences in the other reassortants. Recently released sequences from France and Poland have provided additional clarity and suggest significant genetic variation. France released two full sequences which matched the pror two constellations. The northern constellation match the prior sequences from Poland, Sweden, and England, and provided additional support for lineage differences between the two constellation indicating prior H5 and N8 sequences from Germany and Denmark were from this dominant constellation. The sequence from southwest France matched the Croatia sequence, which raised the possibility that this constellation was more common in southern Europe. Similarly, the relatedness of the H5 adN8 sequences indicated two other sets of H5 and N8 sequences from Croatia were from the same sub-clade. Poland released 7 additional sets of H5 and N8 sequences, none of which matched the dominant constellation in Europe. The three most southern sets were closely related to the Croatia sequences, further supporting the higher prevalence of this sub-clade in southern Europe. These results also raised concerns that this constellation was particularly damaging to poultry. France is intensifying culling as the outbreak at predominantly duck farms in southwest France continues to grow at an accelerating rate. Similarly the sequences in Croatia and Poland flank a massive duck farm outbreak in southern Hungary (and are not far from a growing duck farm outbreak in Bulgaria). The other four sequences fall into two sets. Both are more closely related to the Croatia sequences but are distinct. One set (H5 sequences only) appear as precursors to the Croatia constellation, while the second set, which includes N8 have N8 sequences that are divergent from other N8s in European constellations and may represent another constellation. In addition to the demonstrated two constellations in Europe and two more in India, three countries (Netherlands, Montenegro, Italy) have reported a new serotype (H5N5) which likely have additional reassortment in a subset of the internal genes. The three locations for a straight line which crosses the location of a novel serotype in Germany (H5 positive and N8 negative), which may also be H5N5.. Thus, the diversity described above may only reflect a subset of the H5 constellations spreading in South Asia, Europe, Middle East, and Africa. Release of additional full sequences would be useful.

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№ on re e fireplace village municipality area birds common number birds date of doubt date of a laboratory Confirmed andis Pre Aretha l l The author, and rezul Daddy date of destruction the birds hens pheasants guinea fowl geese ducks mallard ducks partridges turkeys swan peacocks quail pigeons wild birds 1 primary Novo Selo Novo Selo Vidin 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15.12.2016 19.12.2016 12.17.2016 H5 2 secondary Vidin Vidin Vidin 84 16 13 0 3 0 0 1 25 6 142 15.12.2016 19.12.2016 12.17.2016 H5 3 secondary Vidin Vidin Vidin 31 0 5 6 9 0 0 13 0 41 64 17.12.2016 19.12.2016 M-gene 18/12/2016 4 primary Vratsa Vratsa Vratsa 0 0 0 0 0940 0 0 0 0940 16.12.2016 19.12.2016 M-gene 19/12/2016 5 primary Manole Maritza Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 3150 0 0 0 0 0 3150 14.12.2016 19.12.2016 M-gene 19/12/2016 6 primary Vodnyantsi Dimovo Vidin 11 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 16 19.12.2016 20.12.2016 H5 20.12.2016 7 primary - Elhovo Yambol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 19.12.2016 21.12.2016 H5 8 primary Doganovo Elin Pelin Sofia District 6 18 0 43 148 0 0 8 1 9 0,128,361 20.12.2016 22.12.2016 H5 23.12.2016 9 primary Skutare Maritza Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 4344 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4344 21.12.2016 23.12.2016 M-gene 23/12/2016 10 primary Minor Kutlovitsa Montana 30 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 26.12.2016 28.12.20016 M-gene 28/12/2016 11 secondary Belozem Rakovtsi Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 16,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16000 27.12.2016 28.12.20016 M-gene 29-30.12.2016 12 secondary Padarsko Brezovo Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 2,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2200 23.12.2016 28.12.20016 M-gene 29-30.12.2016 13 secondary Konare Maritza Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 5,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5600 23.12.2016 28.12.20016 M-gene 29-30.12.2016 14 secondary Belozem Rakovtsi Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 16320 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16320 27.12.2016 29.12.20016 M-gene 29-31.12.2016 15 secondary Kalekovets Maritza Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 1,500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 27.12.2016 29.12.20016 M-gene 29-31.12.2016 16 secondary Padarsko Brezovo Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 8800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8800 27.12.2016 30.12.2016 M-gene 29-31.12.2016 17 secondary Garden Parvomay Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 7,700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7700 27.12.2016 30.12.2016 M-gene 3-6.1.2016 18 secondary Momino village of Rakovski Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 4,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4900 27.12.2016 30.12.2016 M-gene 3-6.1.2016 19 secondary Sekirovo Rakovski Plovdiv 0 0 0 0 6,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 27.12.2016 30.12.2016 M-gene 3-6.1.2016 20 primary Pazardzhik Pazardzhik 2 28.12.2016 30.12.2016 M-gene 28/12/2016 21 primary mt Average Arda Kardzhali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.12.2016 30.12.2016 M-gene 03/01/2016 22 primary Granite Bratya Daskalovi Stara Zagora 0 0 0 0 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.12.2016 30.12.2016 M-gene 31/12/2016 23 primary Granite Bratya Daskalovi Stara Zagora 0 0 0 0 2907 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.12.2016 30.12.2016 M-gene 31/12/2016 24 primary Mirovo Bratya Daskalovi Stara Zagora 0 0 0 0 10,500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.12.2016 30.12.2016 M-gene 31/12/2016

http://www.babh.government.bg/bg/Page/info-lsd/index/info-lsd/Информация Minutes of a meeting of the National Crisis Staff in relation to disease outbreaks detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A (flu) in poultry in Bulgaria from 04.01.2017, the Minutes of a meeting of the National Crisis Staff in relation to disease outbreaks detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A (flu) in poultry in Bulgaria from 03.01.2017, the Minutes of a meeting of the National Crisis Staff in relation to disease outbreaks detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A (flu) in poultry in Bulgaria from 30.12.2016, the Situation of the disease "Avian Influenza" in Bulgaria on December 30, 2016 Situation of the disease "Avian Influenza" in Bulgaria on December 29, 2016 Situation of the disease "Avian Influenza" in Bulgaria on December 23, 2016 Situation of the disease "Avian Influenza" in Bulgaria on December 22, 2016 Situation of the disease "Avian Influenza" in Bulgaria on December 21, 2016 - See more at: http://www.babh.government.bg/bg/Page/info-lsd/index/info-lsd/Информация#sthash.CIC14ZZ7.dpuf

Wed Jan 4, 2017 | 4:08pm IST Number of farms in Bulgaria hit by bird flu doubles in under a week A bird flu outbreak in Bulgaria has spread to at least 26 farms, the Agriculture Ministry said, nearly double the figure announced on Dec. 30. A nation-wide ban on hunting of game birds would take immediate effect and a mass cull of birds would be launched in a bid to contain the outbreak, the ministry said in a statement. "By Thursday, the veterinary authorities will cull more than 110,000 birds, mainly ducks," Food Safety Agency spokesman Martin Radev told Reuters. The southern region of Plovdiv was most affected by the highly pathogenic virus H5N8, Radev said. Bulgaria has already introduced a nationwide ban on poultry markets and has banned fishing in lakes and wetlands inhabited by wild migrating birds. Germany, France, Ireland, and Israel are among countries to have found cases of the strain in recent weeks. The Czech Republic announced its first outbreak in a decade on Wednesday. (Reporting by Tsvetelia Tsolova and Angel Krasimirov; Editing by Raissa Kasolowsky)

A bird flu outbreak in Bulgaria has spread to at least 26 farms, the Agriculture Ministry said, nearly double the figure announced on Dec. 30. http://in.reuters.com/article/health-birdflu-bulgaria-idINKBN14O0ZE

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In the Czech Republic was almost ten years confirmed an outbreak of bird flu vysocepatogenní January 4, 2017 Press Release - The Czech Republic has almost ten years vysocepatogenní confirmed occurrence of avian influenza (bird flu). The infection was confirmed in two poultry in backyards in the South Region, and in Moravsky Krumlov and Ivančice. A likely source of infection in breeding the wild birds. The infection was also confirmed in wild swans in the same region. "State Veterinary Administration in accordance with current legislation adopted with immediate effect measures to prevent further spread of the disease. Breeders should a precautionary measure to prevent contact between wild and domestic birds, " said Agriculture Minister Marian Jurečka. " In case of an outbreak is a basic measure culling of birds in the outbreak and prevent further spread through contaminated bedding, feed, manure, etc. Animal products from the outbreak are harmlessly disposed of and designated restricted zones may be marketed products are released only after inspection by an official veterinarian " said the General Director of the JRC MVDr. The basic preventive measure is, if possible, poultry in closed buildings and to prevent contact with wild birds. For farms where it is not possible to ensure placement in a closed building, it is necessary to take measures to minimize the risk of contamination of water, feed and bedding droppings of wild birds, for example. Put water and food under shelter to prevent movement in the water, where the wild birds. Another possible measure is networking runs like. In case of suspicion of infection, which is the increased mortality of poultry, egg drop or sudden feed intake, you must report it to the regional veterinary administration. Bird flu is a dangerous viral disease of chickens, turkeys, waterfowl, pigeons, game birds, exotic birds and wild birds. Avian influenza viruses occur naturally in wild birds and their transmission occurs mainly via the faeces. Therefore, the infection most often causes ingestion of feed or water contaminated with feces of infected birds. Vysocepatogenní viruses of avian influenza in birds causes high morbidity and high mortality. In poultry farming, thereby causing significant direct and indirect economic losses. The current form of the virus is highly pathogenic to birds, but transmission to humans has not yet been recorded. For bird flu viruses, which are not human like mammal very receptive. There is a risk of possible mutation of the virus, which could then endanger human health. Therefore performs culling birds in focus. More information can be found on the website of the State Veterinary Administration www.svscr.cz . Information for the public: http://www.svscr.cz/zdravi-zvirat/ptaci-chripka-influenza-drubeze/informace-pro-verejnost/

The Czech Republic has almost ten years vysocepatogenní confirmed occurrence of avian influenza (bird flu). The infection was confirmed in two poultry in backyards in the South Region, and in Moravsky Krumlov and Ivančice. A likely source of infection in breeding the wild birds. The infection was also confirmed in wild swans in the same region. http://eagri.cz/public/web/mze/tiskovy-servis/tiskove-zpravy/x2017_v-cr-bylo-po-temer-deseti-letech.html

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LJUBLJANA, Jan 4 (Reuters) - Slovenia confirmed on Wednesday its first case of H5N8 bird flu, detected in a swan in the town of Pragersko some 120 km (75 miles) northeast of the capital Ljubljana, officials said. Farmers in the area will be required to keep their poultry indoors to prevent the spread of the virus to farm animals, Matjaz Emersic, a spokesman for the National Administration for Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection, told Reuters. Cases of bird flu have been found in a number of countries across Europe in recent months, including in all of Slovenia's neighbours: Austria, Croatia, Hungary and Italy. The Czech Republic and Bulgaria also announced cases of bird flu on Wednesday. (Reporting By Marja Novak; Editing by Gareth Jones)

Slovenia confirmed on Wednesday its first case of H5N8 bird flu, detected in a swan in the town of Pragersko some 120 km (75 miles) northeast of the capital Ljubljana, officials said. http://news.trust.org/item/20170104153957-xpgl5

Align Segment-ID Name Score E-Value Identity EPI873213 A/chicken/Croatia/103/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2597.5 0.000000e+00 1406/1406 (100%) EPI869933 A/chicken/Poland/79A/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2586.4 0.000000e+00 1404/1406 (99%) EPI869811 A/duck/France/161108h/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2586.4 0.000000e+00 1404/1406 (99%) EPI869935 A/mute swan/Poland/108/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2575.3 0.000000e+00 1402/1406 (99%) EPI869934 A/chicken/Poland/85A/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2575.3 0.000000e+00 1402/1406 (99%) EPI861569 A/mute swan/Croatia/70/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2569.8 0.000000e+00 1401/1406 (99%) EPI864747 A/mute swan/Croatia/85/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2558.7 0.000000e+00 1399/1406 (99%) EPI861573 A/mute swan/Croatia/78/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2558.7 0.000000e+00 1399/1406 (99%) EPI869689 A/decoy_duck/France/161104e/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2553.2 0.000000e+00 1398/1406 (99%) EPI868850 A/turkey/England/052131/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI860232 A/wild duck/Poland/82A/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774500 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO6-MU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774468 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO5-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774452 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO3-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774444 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO3-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774436 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO1-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774420 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY18-MU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774412 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY18-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774404 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY18-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774388 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY17-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774380 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY16-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774371 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY16-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774363 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY15-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774346 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY14-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774337 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY14-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774320 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY13-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774312 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY12-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774304 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY12-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774270 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY10-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774261 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY9-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774253 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY9-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774244 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY8-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774195 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY6-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774187 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY5-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774144 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY2-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774136 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY2-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI774115 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY1-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2542.1 0.000000e+00 1396/1406 (99%) EPI859649 A/wild duck/Germany-BW/R8455/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2538.4 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI863867 A/Common Goldeneye/Sweden/SVA161117KU0322/SZ0002165/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI863851 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209318/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI863836 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209317/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI863828 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209316/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI858846 A/painted stork/India/10CA03/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI836616 A/common tern /Uvs-Nuur Lake/26/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI836608 A/grey heron /Uvs-Nuur Lake/20/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI823758 A/black-headed gull/Tyva/41/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI823750 A/wild duck/Tyva/35/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI823462 A/great crested grebe/Tyva/34/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI774492 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO6-SP/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI774484 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO6-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI774477 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO5-K/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1396/1407 (99%) EPI774460 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO4-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1396/1407 (99%) EPI774396 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY17-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1393/1403 (99%) EPI774354 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY15-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI774328 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY13-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI774296 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY11-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI774279 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY10-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1393/1403 (99%) EPI774178 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY4-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI774170 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY4-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI774161 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY3-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2536.6 0.000000e+00 1395/1406 (99%) EPI863859 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209321/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2532.9 0.000000e+00 1394/1406 (99%) EPI774508 A/Great Black-headed Gull/Qinghai/YO1-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2531.0 0.000000e+00 1394/1406 (99%) EPI774428 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO1-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2531.0 0.000000e+00 1394/1406 (99%) EPI774288 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY11-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2531.0 0.000000e+00 1394/1406 (99%) EPI774220 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY7-LU1/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2531.0 0.000000e+00 1394/1406 (99%) EPI774212 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY7-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2531.0 0.000000e+00 1392/1403 (99%) EPI774152 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY3-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2531.0 0.000000e+00 1395/1407 (99%) EPI773759 A/great crested grebe/Uvs-Nuur Lake/341/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2531.0 0.000000e+00 1394/1406 (99%) EPI869932 A/domestic goose/Poland/72/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2525.5 0.000000e+00 1393/1406 (99%) EPI869925 A/domestic goose/Poland/33/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2525.5 0.000000e+00 1393/1406 (99%) EPI859213 A/tufted_duck/Germany-SH/R8446/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2525.5 0.000000e+00 1393/1406 (99%) EPI774236 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY8-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2525.5 0.000000e+00 1394/1407 (99%) EPI774228 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY7-LU2/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2520.0 0.000000e+00 1393/1407 (99%) EPI858838 A/duck/India/10CA01/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2514.4 0.000000e+00 1391/1406 (98%) EPI774203 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY6-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2514.4 0.000000e+00 1391/1406 (98%) EPI703648 A/duck/Eastern China/S1109/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2492.3 0.000000e+00 1387/1406 (98%) EPI869941 A/herring gull/Poland/84/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2468.2 0.000000e+00 1358/1369 (99%) EPI703642 A/duck/Eastern China/S0215/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2459.0 0.000000e+00 1381/1406 (98%) EPI681357 A/goose/Zhejiang/925037/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2447.9 0.000000e+00 1379/1406 (98%) EPI681358 A/goose/Zhejiang/925104/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2425.8 0.000000e+00 1375/1406 (97%) EPI583873 A/duck/Shaoxing/5240/2013 (A/H0) segment 6 (NA) 2414.7 0.000000e+00 1373/1406 (97%) EPI591884 A/duck/Jiangxi/23970/2013 (A/H0) segment 6 (NA) 2409.2 0.000000e+00 1372/1406 (97%) EPI690794 A/goose/Jiangsu/QD5/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2403.6 0.000000e+00 1371/1406 (97%) EPI561493 A/Baikal teal/Korea/H52/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2403.6 0.000000e+00 1371/1406 (97%) EPI530990 A/duck/Zhejiang/6D18/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2403.6 0.000000e+00 1372/1407 (97%) EPI509700 A/breeder duck/Korea/Gochang1/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2403.6 0.000000e+00 1371/1406 (97%) EPI762160 A/goose/Eastern China/CZ/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2398.1 0.000000e+00 1370/1406 (97%) EPI703638 A/duck/Eastern China/S1210/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2398.1 0.000000e+00 1370/1406 (97%) EPI703635 A/duck/Eastern China/L1021/2012 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2398.1 0.000000e+00 1370/1406 (97%) EPI530989 A/duck/Zhejiang/W24/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2398.1 0.000000e+00 1371/1407 (97%) EPI681355 A/duck/Zhejiang/925019/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2392.5 0.000000e+00 1369/1406 (97%) EPI507675 A/mallard duck/Shanghai/SH-9/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2392.5 0.000000e+00 1370/1407 (97%) EPI762152 A/duck/Eastern China/JY/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2387.0 0.000000e+00 1368/1406 (97%) EPI703634 A/duck/Eastern China/L0722/2012 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2387.0 0.000000e+00 1368/1406 (97%) EPI690802 A/goose/Shandong/WFSG1/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2387.0 0.000000e+00 1368/1406 (97%) EPI681356 A/duck/Zhejiang/925169/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2387.0 0.000000e+00 1369/1407 (97%) EPI703633 A/duck/Eastern China/L0611/2011 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2381.5 0.000000e+00 1368/1407 (97%) EPI703631 A/duck/Eastern China/L0405/2010 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2381.5 0.000000e+00 1367/1406 (97%) EPI646030 A/goose/Jiangsu/WX202/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 6 (NA) 2381.5 0.000000e+00 1367/1406 (97%) EPI602039 A/duck/Ningbo/3262/2013 (A/H0) segment 6 (NA) 2379.6 0.000000e+00 1348/1378 (97%)

Align Segment-ID Name Score E-Value Identity EPI873212 A/chicken/Croatia/103/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3144.1 0.000000e+00 1702/1702 (100%) EPI869809 A/duck/France/161108h/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3110.9 0.000000e+00 1696/1702 (99%) EPI869929 A/mute swan/Poland/108/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3105.3 0.000000e+00 1695/1702 (99%) EPI864746 A/mute swan/Croatia/85/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3099.8 0.000000e+00 1694/1702 (99%) EPI861568 A/mute swan/Croatia/70/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3099.8 0.000000e+00 1694/1702 (99%) EPI869927 A/chicken/Poland/79A/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3094.3 0.000000e+00 1693/1702 (99%) EPI861572 A/mute swan/Croatia/78/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3094.3 0.000000e+00 1693/1702 (99%) EPI869928 A/chicken/Poland/85A/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3088.7 0.000000e+00 1692/1702 (99%) EPI869931 A/turkey/Poland/83/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3083.2 0.000000e+00 1691/1702 (99%) EPI869930 A/turkey/Poland/78/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3079.5 0.000000e+00 1690/1702 (99%) EPI869924 A/domestic goose/Poland/33/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3062.9 0.000000e+00 1687/1702 (99%) EPI869926 A/domestic goose/Poland/72/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3051.8 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI869687 A/decoy_duck/France/161104e/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3051.8 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI869940 A/herring gull/Poland/84/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3049.9 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI868848 A/turkey/England/052131/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3049.9 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI859212 A/tufted_duck/Germany-SH/R8446/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3049.9 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI836614 A/common tern /Uvs-Nuur Lake/26/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3049.9 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI836606 A/grey heron /Uvs-Nuur Lake/20/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3049.9 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI823756 A/black-headed gull/Tyva/41/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3049.9 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI823748 A/wild duck/Tyva/35/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3049.9 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI823460 A/great crested grebe/Tyva/34/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3049.9 0.000000e+00 1685/1702 (99%) EPI773757 A/great crested grebe/Uvs-Nuur Lake/341/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3049.9 0.000000e+00 1686/1703 (99%) EPI859650 A/wild duck/Germany-BW/R8455/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3044.4 0.000000e+00 1684/1702 (98%) EPI858844 A/painted stork/India/10CA03/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3044.4 0.000000e+00 1685/1703 (98%) EPI774394 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY17-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3038.9 0.000000e+00 1683/1702 (98%) EPI774386 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY17-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3038.9 0.000000e+00 1683/1702 (98%) EPI774310 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY12-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3038.9 0.000000e+00 1683/1702 (98%) EPI774242 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY8-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3038.9 0.000000e+00 1683/1702 (98%) EPI774234 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY8-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3038.9 0.000000e+00 1683/1702 (98%) EPI774121 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY1-LV/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3038.9 0.000000e+00 1683/1702 (98%) EPI774113 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY1-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3038.9 0.000000e+00 1683/1702 (98%) EPI863865 A/Common Goldeneye/Sweden/SVA161117KU0322/SZ0002165/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774475 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO5-K/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774458 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO4-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774450 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO3-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774402 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY18-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774378 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY16-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774326 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY13-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774318 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY13-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774302 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY12-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774277 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY10-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774267 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY10-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774259 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY9-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774251 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY9-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774226 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY7-LU2/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774218 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY7-LU1/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774210 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY7-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774201 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY6-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774193 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY6-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774185 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY5-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774176 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY4-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774168 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY4-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774159 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY3-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI774150 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY3-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3033.3 0.000000e+00 1682/1702 (98%) EPI858836 A/duck/India/10CA01/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774506 A/Great Black-headed Gull/Qinghai/YO1-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774490 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO6-SP/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774483 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO6-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774434 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO1-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774410 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY18-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774369 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY16-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774335 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY14-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774294 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY11-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774286 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY11-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774142 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY2-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI774133 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY2-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3027.8 0.000000e+00 1681/1702 (98%) EPI860231 A/wild duck/Poland/82A/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3024.1 0.000000e+00 1680/1702 (98%) EPI774466 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO5-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3022.2 0.000000e+00 1680/1702 (98%) EPI774442 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO3-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3022.2 0.000000e+00 1681/1703 (98%) EPI774352 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY15-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3022.2 0.000000e+00 1680/1702 (98%) EPI863857 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209321/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3016.7 0.000000e+00 1679/1702 (98%) EPI863849 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209318/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3016.7 0.000000e+00 1679/1702 (98%) EPI863834 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209317/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3016.7 0.000000e+00 1679/1702 (98%) EPI863826 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209316/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3016.7 0.000000e+00 1679/1702 (98%) EPI774498 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO6-MU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3016.7 0.000000e+00 1679/1702 (98%) EPI774426 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO1-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3016.7 0.000000e+00 1679/1702 (98%) EPI774361 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY15-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3016.7 0.000000e+00 1679/1702 (98%) EPI774344 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY14-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3011.2 0.000000e+00 1678/1702 (98%) EPI703608 A/duck/Eastern China/S1109/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 3011.2 0.000000e+00 1678/1702 (98%) EPI681300 A/goose/Zhejiang/925104/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2944.7 0.000000e+00 1666/1702 (97%) EPI681299 A/goose/Zhejiang/925037/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2944.7 0.000000e+00 1666/1702 (97%) EPI703602 A/duck/Eastern China/S0215/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2933.6 0.000000e+00 1664/1702 (97%) EPI675774 A/duck/Liaoning/S1001/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2933.6 0.000000e+00 1664/1702 (97%) EPI681290 A/goose/Zhejiang/925106/2014 (A/H5N6) segment 4 (HA) 2922.5 0.000000e+00 1662/1702 (97%) EPI509698 A/breeder duck/Korea/Gochang1/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2911.4 0.000000e+00 1660/1702 (97%) EPI561495 A/Baikal teal/Korea/H52/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2900.4 0.000000e+00 1658/1702 (97%) EPI591879 A/duck/Jiangxi/23970/2013 (A/H0) segment 4 (HA) 2894.8 0.000000e+00 1657/1702 (97%) EPI703599 A/duck/Eastern China/S1210/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2889.3 0.000000e+00 1656/1702 (97%) EPI690792 A/goose/Jiangsu/QD5/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2889.3 0.000000e+00 1656/1702 (97%) EPI762158 A/goose/Eastern China/CZ/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2883.7 0.000000e+00 1655/1702 (97%) EPI703607 A/goose/Eastern China/S0408/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2883.7 0.000000e+00 1655/1702 (97%) EPI690808 A/goose/Yangzhou/0420/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2883.7 0.000000e+00 1656/1703 (97%) EPI690800 A/goose/Shandong/WFSG1/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2883.7 0.000000e+00 1655/1702 (97%) EPI860239 A/tufted duck/Denmark/17740-1/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2878.2 0.000000e+00 1592/1609 (98%) EPI602037 A/duck/Ningbo/3262/2013 (A/H0) segment 4 (HA) 2878.2 0.000000e+00 1654/1702 (97%) EPI583870 A/duck/Shaoxing/5240/2013 (A/H0) segment 4 (HA) 2878.2 0.000000e+00 1654/1702 (97%) EPI530985 A/duck/Zhejiang/W24/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2878.2 0.000000e+00 1654/1702 (97%) EPI681280 A/goose/Zhejiang/77166/2014 (A/H5N2) segment 4 (HA) 2874.5 0.000000e+00 1652/1700 (97%) EPI762150 A/duck/Eastern China/JY/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2872.7 0.000000e+00 1654/1703 (97%) EPI530986 A/duck/Zhejiang/6D18/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 4 (HA) 2872.7 0.000000e+00 1653/1702 (97%

Isolate name: A/chicken/Croatia/103/2016 Isolate ID: EPI_ISL_240540 Passage details/history: 0 Type: A / H5N8 Lineage: Sample information Collection date: 2016-12-27 Host Gallus gallus Additional host information: adult backyard chicken Domestic status: Domestic Is vaccinated: N Location: Croatia / Viroviticko-Podravska Zupanija Additional location information: Križnica Health status: Dead Specimen source: Organ Strain or commercial product name used for vaccination: Institute information Originating lab: Sample ID given by the sample provider: Address: Submitting lab: Croatian Veterinary Institute Sample ID given by the submitting laboratory: Authors: Savić, Vladimir Address: Croatian Veterinary Institute Poultry Centre Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Croatia Publication Publication In vivo antiviral resistance Phenotype Genotype Unspecified Antiviral resistance tested by experimental procedures Adamantanes: Unknown Oseltamivir: Unknown Zanamivir: Unknown Peramivir: Unknown Other: Unknown Additional information Antigenic characterization: Note: Sequence segment identifier length accession # INSDC Sequence HA A/chicken/Croatia/103/2016 1724 EPI873212 NA A/chicken/Croatia/103/2016 1425 EPI873213 Submitter information Submitter: Savić, Vladimir Submission Date: 2017-01-04 Last modifier: Savić, Vladimir Last modified: 2017-01-04 Address: Croatian Veterinary Institute Poultry Centre Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Croatia

Align Segment-ID Name Score E-Value Identity EPI869947 A/herring gull/Poland/84/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1500.6 0.000000e+00 812/812 (100%) EPI863869 A/Common Goldeneye/Sweden/SVA161117KU0322/SZ0002165/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1500.6 0.000000e+00 812/812 (100%) EPI869691 A/decoy_duck/France/161104e/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1489.5 0.000000e+00 810/812 (99%) EPI863853 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209318/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1489.5 0.000000e+00 810/812 (99%) EPI863838 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209317/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1489.5 0.000000e+00 810/812 (99%) EPI863830 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209316/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1489.5 0.000000e+00 810/812 (99%) EPI860238 A/wild duck/Poland/82A/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1489.5 0.000000e+00 810/812 (99%) EPI863861 A/Chicken/Sweden/SVA161122KU0453/SZ0209321/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1485.8 0.000000e+00 809/812 (99%) EPI869813 A/duck/France/161108h/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1484.0 0.000000e+00 809/812 (99%) EPI774263 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY9-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1484.0 0.000000e+00 809/812 (99%) EPI774255 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY9-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1484.0 0.000000e+00 809/812 (99%) EPI868852 A/turkey/England/052131/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774510 A/Great Black-headed Gull/Qinghai/YO1-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774502 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO6-MU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774486 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO6-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774479 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO5-K/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774471 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO5-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774462 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO4-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774454 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO3-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774446 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO3-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774438 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO1-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774430 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO1-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774422 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY18-MU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774415 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY18-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774406 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY18-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774398 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY17-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774390 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY17-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774382 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY16-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774373 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY16-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774322 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY13-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774314 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY12-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774306 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY12-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774298 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY11-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774282 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY10-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774247 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY8-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774238 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY8-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774230 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY7-LU2/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774222 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY7-LU1/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774189 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY5-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774181 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY4-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774172 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY4-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774155 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY3-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774146 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY2-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774138 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY2-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774124 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY1-LV/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI774117 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY1-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1478.4 0.000000e+00 808/812 (99%) EPI861571 A/mute swan/Croatia/70/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1476.6 0.000000e+00 806/812 (99%) EPI858839 A/duck/India/10CA01/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI836618 A/common tern /Uvs-Nuur Lake/26/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI836610 A/grey heron /Uvs-Nuur Lake/20/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI823760 A/black-headed gull/Tyva/41/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI823752 A/wild duck/Tyva/35/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI823464 A/great crested grebe/Tyva/34/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI774340 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY14-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI774290 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY11-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI774273 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY10-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 805/809 (99%) EPI774214 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY7-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI774206 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY6-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI774197 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY6-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 807/812 (99%) EPI774164 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY3-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1472.9 0.000000e+00 805/809 (99%) EPI774494 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/ZTO6-SP/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1467.4 0.000000e+00 806/812 (99%) EPI774365 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY15-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1467.4 0.000000e+00 804/809 (99%) EPI774331 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY13-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1467.4 0.000000e+00 804/809 (99%) EPI773761 A/great crested grebe/Uvs-Nuur Lake/341/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1467.4 0.000000e+00 806/812 (99%) EPI858848 A/painted stork/India/10CA03/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1461.8 0.000000e+00 805/812 (99%) EPI774348 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY14-LU/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1461.8 0.000000e+00 805/812 (99%) EPI774357 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/BTY15-B/2016 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1456.3 0.000000e+00 802/809 (99%) EPI703688 A/duck/Eastern China/S1109/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1456.3 0.000000e+00 804/812 (99%) EPI749883 A/Environment/Jiangsu/98335/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1445.2 0.000000e+00 803/813 (98%) EPI690812 A/goose/Yangzhou/0420/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1445.2 0.000000e+00 803/813 (98%) EPI764785 A/duck/Shaoxing/5240/2013 (A/H0) segment 8 (NS) 1434.1 0.000000e+00 801/813 (98%) EPI690804 A/goose/Shandong/WFSG1/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1434.1 0.000000e+00 801/813 (98%) EPI690796 A/goose/Jiangsu/QD5/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1434.1 0.000000e+00 801/813 (98%) EPI530993 A/duck/Zhejiang/W24/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1428.6 0.000000e+00 800/813 (98%) EPI703682 A/duck/Eastern China/S0215/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1423.0 0.000000e+00 799/813 (98%) EPI762162 A/goose/Eastern China/CZ/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1417.5 0.000000e+00 798/813 (98%) EPI602042 A/duck/Ningbo/3262/2013 (A/H0) segment 8 (NS) 1417.5 0.000000e+00 798/813 (98%) EPI703679 A/duck/Eastern China/S1210/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1412.0 0.000000e+00 797/813 (98%) EPI643151 A/Environment/Guangdong/GZ55/2013(H5N8) (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1412.0 0.000000e+00 798/814 (98%) EPI561505 A/Baikal teal/Korea/H52/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1412.0 0.000000e+00 797/813 (98%) EPI530994 A/duck/Zhejiang/6D18/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1412.0 0.000000e+00 797/813 (98%) EPI509710 A/breeder duck/Korea/Gochang1/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1412.0 0.000000e+00 797/813 (98%) EPI507677 A/mallard duck/Shanghai/SH-9/2013 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1412.0 0.000000e+00 798/814 (98%) EPI762154 A/duck/Eastern China/JY/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1406.4 0.000000e+00 796/813 (97%) EPI703687 A/goose/Eastern China/S0408/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1406.4 0.000000e+00 796/813 (97%) EPI681416 A/goose/Zhejiang/925104/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1406.4 0.000000e+00 796/813 (97%) EPI681415 A/goose/Zhejiang/925037/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1400.9 0.000000e+00 795/813 (97%) EPI681406 A/goose/Zhejiang/925106/2014 (A/H5N6) segment 8 (NS) 1400.9 0.000000e+00 795/813 (97%) EPI646032 A/goose/Jiangsu/WX202/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1378.7 0.000000e+00 791/813 (97%) EPI681414 A/duck/Zhejiang/925169/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1373.2 0.000000e+00 790/813 (97%) EPI681413 A/duck/Zhejiang/925019/2014 (A/H5N8) segment 8 (NS) 1373.2 0.000000e+00 790/813 (97%) EPI461611 A/duck/Hunan/S11643/2012 (A/H4N9) segment 8 (NS) 1367.6 0.000000e+00 789/813 (97%) EPI461603 A/duck/Hunan/S11547/2012 (A/H4N9) segment 8 (NS) 1367.6 0.000000e+00 789/813 (97%) EPI837813 A/environment/Korea/W136/2006 (A/H7N7) segment 8 (NS) 1356.6 0.000000e+00 787/813 (96%) EPI470634 A/duck/Jiangxi/21714/2011 (A/H11N9) segment 8 (NS) 1356.6 0.000000e+00 787/813 (96%) EPI392653 A/wild bird/Korea/A72/10 (A/H7N7) segment 8 (NS) 1356.6 0.000000e+00 787/813 (96%) EPI299310 A/avian/Japan/8KI0068/2008 (A/H3N6) segment 8 (NS) 1356.6 0.000000e+00 787/813 (96%) EPI837815 A/environment/Korea/W148/2006 (A/H7N7) segment 8 (NS) 1351.0 0.000000e+00 786/813 (96%) EPI837814 A/environment/Korea/W143/2006 (A/H7N7) segment 8 (NS) 1351.0 0.000000e+00 786/813 (96%) EPI470663 A/northern shoveler/Hong Kong/MPK276/2009 (A/H11N9) segment 8 (NS) 1351.0 0.000000e+00 786/813 (96%